Drafting, Revising, Editing, and Multimodal Texts

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on stages of the writing process, revision strategies, editing techniques, and types of multimodal texts based on Lesson 3 lecture notes.

Drafting

The stage of writing where ideas are put down on paper for the first time, focusing on getting content and thoughts out without worrying about fixing grammar, spelling, or word choice.

Revising

The process of going back to a piece of writing after drafting to make it better by improving ideas, content, and clarity, rather than fixing small mechanical errors.

ARMS Method

A revision framework standing for Add (details, description, dialogue), Remove (repetitive or unnecessary text), Move (reorder for better flow), and Substitute (replace weak words with stronger ones).

Editing

The stage of going through a piece of writing after revising to fix mechanics—grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure—so the text is clean and correct.

Fused Sentence

A run-on sentence error where two complete independent clauses are jammed together with no punctuation or connector at all.

Comma Splice

A run-on sentence error where two independent clauses are joined with only a comma, which is not strong enough on its own.

Coherent Writing

Writing where each paragraph builds logically on the last, using transitions such as "however," "as a result," or "in addition" to guide the reader.

CUPS Checklist

An editing acronym used to check Capitalization (names, sentence starts), Usage (grammar, tenses), Punctuation (periods, commas), and Spelling.

Publishing

The final stage of the writing process where a piece of writing is finished, polished, and shared with an audience.

Simple Multimodal Text

A text that combines two modes working together to create meaning, such as a comic strip or poster.

Complex Multimodal Text

A text that combines three or more modes working together in a layered and interactive way, such as a film or video game.

Graphic Novels

A type of text combining words and images to present a complete story as a book rather than a periodical.

Picture Books

A book, typically for children and traditionally 32 pages long, in which illustrations are as important as—or more important than—the words in telling the story.

Poster

A large printed picture, photograph, or notice stuck or pinned to a wall or board, usually for decoration or advertising.

Storyboard

A visual representation of a film sequence that breaks down the action into individual panels shot by shot, including camera directions and dialogue.

Social Media

Technologies that facilitate the sharing of ideas and information among users, such as Facebook, X, Instagram, and YouTube.

Oral Storytelling

The act of telling a story using words or actions, requiring both a storyteller and a listener.

Poem Recitation

A public oral performance of poetry aloud where the reader uses pitch, stress, and pauses to express their experience of the poem.

Podcast

A series of prerecorded talk-radio shows available for users to download to their computers or mobile devices.

Film

A series of still photographs on film projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light to convey drama and evoke emotion.

Prewriting

The stage of the writing process dedicated to generating ideas before drafting.