Biology: Circulatory System and Enzymes

Flashcards covering key terms related to the circulatory system, enzymes, and biological processes.

Coronary Heart Disease

A condition caused by fatty deposits building up in the arteries, leading to blockages.

Non-communicable Disease

A disease that cannot be passed between people, such as coronary heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

Considered 'good' cholesterol that helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream.

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

Referred to as 'bad' cholesterol, which can cause blockages in arteries.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being used up.

Active Site

The specific shape on an enzyme where the substrate fits, often described using the 'lock and key' model.

Amylase

An enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose, working in the mouth and small intestine.

Protease

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids, functioning in the stomach and small intestine.

Lipase

An enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, working in the small intestine.

Haemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it throughout the body.

Diffusion

The movement of substances across capillary walls.

Pulmonary Circuit

The pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart, where it is oxygenated.

Systemic Circuit

The pathway of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back, delivering oxygen and nutrients.

Arteries

Blood vessels with thick muscular walls that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Veins

Blood vessels with thin walls and large lumens that carry blood to the heart, equipped with valves to prevent backflow.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels with very thin walls that allow for the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.