Ecology - questions 21-40

Name 3 adaptations plants have to deter predators.

Thorns (likely to hurt predator) , bad taste (deter predator from eating them again) , warning colour (confuses predator).

Describe a method for using a quadrat to estimate the population of daisies in a field.

Place quadrat randomly, achieve randomness in using a random number generator to get coordinates, count number of species in a quadrat, repeat at least 5 times, calculate the mean number of species per quadrat, find the area of the place you are sampling, estimate the population number by dividing the area of the first field by the area of the quadrat.

Describe a method for using a transect to see whether the distribution of plants changes with distance from the river.

Measure transect at right angles to the river, place quadrat at regular intervals along the transect, count the different species in each quadrat, repeat for 2 or more transects.

Label the diagram of the water cycle to show:

1. Precipitation (rain)

2. Evaporation (water in the sea → water vapour)

3. Transpiration (water evaporates through the stomata of leaves)

4. Condensation (water vapour → water)

By which process is carbon dioxide taken out of the air and turned into glucose?

Photosynthesis.

Name three compounds which contain carbon.

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein.

By which process do carbon containing compounds from plants get transferred to the bodies of animals?

Feeding.

Which process, by all living things, releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

Respiration.

Dead plants and animals turn into fossil fuels over millions of years. How is that trapped carbon released back into the atmosphere?

Combustion of fossil fuels, releases carbon dioxide.

What process takes place after all living things die that returns nutrients and carbon dioxide to the environment?

Decay by microorganisms.

Name the process shown by the letters:

A - photosynthesis

B - respiration

C - feeding

D - respiration by microorganisms.

What is biodiversity?

The variety of all the different species of organisms on earth or within an ecosystem.

Give 3 ways that humans reduce the land available to animals and plants.

Quarrying, farming, building.

Give 2 ways waterways can become polluted.

Sewage, fertilisers.

What are peat bogs?

Areas of land with partially decayed plant material.

Why are peat bogs being destroyed?

To produce garden compost and to use as a fuel.

What is released when peat is burned as a fuel?

Carbon dioxide.

Why is large scale deforestation happening?

To provide land for cattle and rice fields, and to grow crops for biofuels.

What are the 2 main greenhouse gases?

Carbon dioxide and methane.

What ads the potential consequences of global warming?

Melting ice caps, more extreme weather, loss of habitats, drought.

(Extra) Give examples of strategies to reduce the negative effects of humans on biodiversity.

• Breeding programmes for endangered species.

• Protection and regeneration of rare habitats.

• Reintroducing hedgerows in farmland.

• Some governments are trying to reduce deforestation.

• Recycling rather than sending waste to landfill