topic 5: communication and the internet

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40 Terms

1

WAN

uses satellites and radio waves to connect and usually spreads over a a wide geographical area

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2

internet

a collection of inter-connected networks

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3

WWW

a method of accessing information on the internet

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4

HTTP

the protocol governing the transfer of hypertext web pages across the internet

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5

ISP

internet service provider provides access to the internet for private individuals and businesses

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6

web servers

stores and distributes web pages

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7

URL

a web address

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8

DNS

translates domain names into IP addresses

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9

wired vs wireless

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10

LAN

covers a relatively small geographical area

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11

advantages and disadvantages of networking

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12

PAN

a network communicating between computer devices

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13

bandwidth

the amount of data that can be carried at a time

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14

bus

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15

ring

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16

star

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17

mesh

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18

router

sends data packets on their way in the best direction

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19

hub

when a packet of data is received, it broadcasts the packet to all devices on the network

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20

switch

send packets to the intended recipient using its mac address

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21

advantages of a client server

all data can be backed up centrally

security is better as data is held in one location

users can log in from any computer on the network

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22

advantages of peer to peer

easier to set up

no special software is requires

individual computers share a printer, router, modem and other hardware

users can communicate directly with each other and share each others’ files

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23

drawbacks of peer to peer

viruses and malware are easily transferred over this type of network

data recovery and backup is not done centrally

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24

packet header

contains packet number, total number of packets in the transmission, source address, destination address

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25

SMTP

protocol for sending emails between servers

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26

POP

holds email for individual until picked up then deletes it from the server

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27

IMAP

stores emails on a server so it can be accessed and edited from anywhere

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28

TCP

how messages are broken up into packets and reassembled at the destination

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29

TCP/IP protocol stack

application

transport

network

link

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30

application layer

encodes data sent so it can be understood be recipient (FTTP or FTP)

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31

transport layer

sets up communication between two computers

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32

network layer

attaches the IP address of the sender so the recipient will know who sent it

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33

link

the physical hardware that connects the two hosts

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34

physical security

controlling access to critical parts of a network using physical methods

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35

malware

malicious software designed to disrupt the use of a computer system

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36

social engineering

the art of manipulating or conning individuals into giving away private information

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37

phishing

a trick email the seems legitimate that tricks user into giving up personal data

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38

shoulder surfing

direct observation of a user entering their security details

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39

software patch

an update to a program to improve it or fix a bug

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40

DoS attack

attempts to flood a website server with an overwhelming number of data requests

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