Grade 7 Science: Heat and the Practice of Science

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering experimental design, scientific method, heat, temperature, state changes, and mechanisms of heat transfer.

Scientists use various methods to explore the natural world, including observations and systematic __________.

experimentation

An educated guess about what will happen in an experiment is called a __________.

hypothesis

The step-by-step instructions for conducting an experiment are called the __________.

procedure

The normal or reference condition used for comparison in an experiment is the __________ condition.

baseline

The variable that you intentionally change in an experiment is the __________ variable.

independent

The variable that you measure in an experiment is the __________ variable.

dependent

In an experiment, the group that receives the change is the __________ group.

experimental

In an experiment, the group that does not receive any change is the __________ group.

control

Getting consistent results across multiple tests of an experiment is known as __________.

reliability

When the same scientist repeats an experiment to check for consistency in data, it is called __________.

repetition

When a different scientist repeats an experiment independently to see if they get the same results, it is called __________.

replication

An experiment has __________ if it actually tests what it is supposed to test.

validity

Replication helps eliminate error and bias, strengthens conclusions, and allows scientists to discover mistakes through __________ when results do not match.

self-correction

All matter is made of particles that are constantly moving, and this energy of motion is known as __________ energy.

kinetic

Temperature is defined as a measure of the average __________ energy of the particles in a substance.

kinetic

The total kinetic energy of all particles in an object is defined as __________ energy.

thermal

Heat is defined as the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a __________ object.

cooler

When heat is added to a substance, its particles speed up, leading to an increase in __________.

temperature

During a state change, the temperature of a substance remains __________ because energy is used to change the state rather than increase temperature.

constant

For water, both the melting point and freezing point are __________.

$$0\,^\circ\text{C}$$

The boiling point of water is __________.

$$100\,^\circ\text{C}$$

The state change from liquid to gas that occurs at the surface only and below the boiling point is called __________.

vaporization

The state change from gas to liquid caused by removing heat is called __________.

condensation

Heat flow continues until both objects reach the same temperature, achieving thermal __________.

equilibrium

The transfer of heat through direct contact is called __________.

conduction

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) is called __________.

convection

In the convection cycle, warm fluid floats upward because it becomes __________ dense.

less

The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves is called __________.

radiation

Radiation is unique because it is the only method of heat transfer that can travel through the __________ of space.

vacuum