Prophet Muhammad of Islam

Prophet of Islam

Muhammad, founder of Islam and proclaimer of the Qurʾān.

Mecca

Birthplace of Muhammad in 570 (now Saudi Arabia).

Medina

City where Muhammad died in 632, after emigrating in 622.

Khadījah

Employed Muhammad at 25, bore him children until her death.

Angel Jibril

Appeared to Muhammad, commanding him to read despite illiteracy.

Abū Lahab

Took over leadership, leaving Muhammad vulnerable in Mecca.

Hijrah

Muhammad's migration to Medina for safety and freedom.

Battle of Uḥud

First Meccan attempt to dislodge Muhammad, unsuccessful.

Battle of the Trench

Second Meccan attempt to dislodge Muhammad, also unsuccessful.

Qurayẓah

Jewish clan in Medina executed by Muhammad after betrayal.

Al-Ḥudaybiyyah

Location where treaty allowed Muslims to make pilgrimage.

Khaybar

Jewish oasis attacked by Muhammad after treaty denunciation.

Farewell Pilgrimage

Significant pilgrimage led by Muhammad in 632 before his death.

Amnesty

Official pardon granted by Muhammad after Mecca's surrender.

Plain of Arafat

Location of Muhammad's final sermon, similar to Jesus' Sermon on the Mount.

Black Stone

Stone at the Kaaba, touched or kissed by pilgrims for respect.

Leadership Principles

Principles followed by Muhammad, including gradualism and compromise.