Lecture 24 - Population Genetics

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Last updated 3:53 PM on 7/10/26
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15 Terms

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What are things that prevent populations from being in HWE?

  1. Non random mating

  2. Population subdivision

  3. Migration

  4. Small population size

  5. Unequal survival

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What are two types of nonrandom mating and what is the effect?

  1. Inbreeding

  2. Assortive mating

  3. They both reduce the number of heterozygotes and increase the number of homozygotes

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Assortive mating

Phenotypically similar organisms mate

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Inbreeding depression

Reduced biological fitness due to inbreeding. Results in deleterious recessive alleles among homozygotes

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What are examples of diseases that come from nonrandom mating?

  1. Xeroderma pigmentosum

  2. Tay sachs

  3. Albinism

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Population subdivision

When there are geographical or ecological barriers that interfere with completely random mating

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Wahlund effect

When two populations in HWE combine results in a merged population with a lack of heterozygotes (similar effect to inbreeding)

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Migration

Immigration or emigration between populations shift allelic and genotypic composition of the populations

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Outbreeding depression

When the offspring of two genetically distinct individuals show a reduction in fitness

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Small population size

Causes dramatic shifts in allele frequencies over a short number of generations

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Genetic drift

Group of small populations will diverge in allele frequencies because of random sampling in each generation

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What does genetic differentiation between populations result in/suggest?

  1. Results in genotypic change in a population without selection (neutral evolution)

  2. Suggests that maintaining several small populations can maintain genetic diversity in conservation programs

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Founder effect

Loss of variability in a small startup population. Limits occurence of invasive species

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Bottleneck

DIsease of environmental catastrophe temoprarily reduces population size

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What are two reasons for unequal survival

  1. DIfferential survival of individuals (genotypes) in a finite population

  2. Selection usually acting on polygenic traits (quantitative genetics)