The Cold War Era

Who was the USSR leader during the Cuban Missile crisis?

Nikitia Khrushchev

What was the cold war?

A series of conflicts between US and USSR with their allies. There was no actual war,

Liberal Democracy and Capitalism vs Socialism and Communism. it’s too expensive to use nukes (Logic of deterrence). Huge stocks of arms were built

First World War

1914-18

Second World War

1939-45. US, Soviet Union, Britian and France (Allied Forces). Germany, Italy, Japan (Axis Powers)

What is NATO(1949)?

Western alliance formalized into NATO.12 states attack on one of them is an attack on all

What is the Warsaw Pact(1955)?

Eastern alliance, led by Soviet Union to counter NATO

What is Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEANTO) and Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)?

United states alliance with East and Southeast Asia and in West Asia(Middle East)

What countries did Soviet Union and China have close relations with?

North Vietnam, North Korea, Iraq

Why were newly independent countries fearful?

They would have to join one of the two blocs

Why did the superpowers need allies?

Vital resources

Territory that superpowers could use to launch weapons and troops

Locations for spying

Economic support

Proof that one Idea winning over another

Cold War conforontations

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), Korea (1950-53), Berlin (1958-62), Congo (1960s)

How did NAM play role?

Mediated the two Koreans

What was the Non Aligned Movement(NAM)?

Offered a third option to new countries. Founded by Josip Tito (Yugoslavia), Nehru (India), and Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt). Indonesia’s Sukarno and Ghana’s Kwame Nkrumah supported them. reposed great faith in ‘a genuine commonwealth of free and cooperating nations’ that would play a positive role in softening, if not ending, the Cold War

New International Economic Order

Not Neutrality or Isolationism

Where was the first NAM summit held (1961)?

Belgrade. 25 members

What were the three things that led to creation of NAM?

Cooperation among five countries

Growing Cold War tensions and its widening areas

Dramatic entry of new decolonized African countries

Where was the latest meeting of NAM held?

14th, Havana (2006), 116 member states, 15 observer countries.

What is Neutrality?

Principle of staying out of war

Who bought the a report called Towards a New Trade Policy for Developments(1972)?

UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). New Inter national Economic Order (NIEO)

What did the Towards a New Trade Policy for Developments?

Gave Least Developed countries their resources back

Obtain access to Western markerts

Reduce the cost of technology from Western countries

Provide LDC’s greater role in international economic institutions.

How did NAM help India?

Allowed it to take stances that served its interests

Balance one super power over another

Criticisms of India NAM?

Was said to be unprincipled refused to take a frim stand

Position was inconsistent and contradictory (Treaty of Friendship)

What was Limited Ban Treaty?

Banned nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water. Signed by the US, UK and USSR in Moscow

When was the battle of Iwo Jima fought?

1945