Chapter 5 AP World

Industrial Revolution

The transition from primarily agrarian economies to industrial economies characterized by hand-made goods to machine-made ones.

Proximity to Waterways

A key geographical factor that contributed to Britain starting the Industrial Revolution, including rivers and canals.

The Factory System

A method of production that concentrates production in a single location using massive machines.

Steam Engine

A machine that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy, allowing factories to be built anywhere.

Bessemer Process

A process that transformed iron into steel, making it stronger and cheaper to produce.

Internal Combustion Engine

A smaller, more efficient engine that contributed to the development of transportation, such as automobiles.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of foods and other goods that diversified diets and improved health in Europe.

Meiji Restoration

A period in Japan where western practices were adopted to industrialize and avoid domination by western powers.

Feminist Movement

A movement that emerged due to the changing societal roles and economic conditions of women during the Industrial Revolution.

Transnational Business

A company established and controlled in one country but operates in other countries as well.

Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities due to decreased need for agricultural labor and increased industrial jobs.

Legal Protection of Private Property

A condition that allowed entrepreneurs to risk investments safely, fostering capital accumulation.

Synthetic Dyes

Chemicals developed for textiles during the Second Industrial Revolution to enhance coloring.

Electricity

A significant technological advancement that led to the development of electric streetcars, subways, and the telegraph.

Agricultural Revolution

A period before the Industrial Revolution that involved advancements in farming techniques, such as crop rotation.

Consumer Society

A society characterized by the increased consumption of goods and the production driven by industrialization.