Class 6 SCERT Social Science Chapters 1-4 Revision Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on chapters 1 to 4 of the Class 6 SCERT Social Science curriculum, covering early civilizations, state components, and geography.

Fossil

Preserved remains or traces of ancient plants, animals or humans, usually found in rocks.

Evolution

Gradual biological change over a long period of time.

Charles Darwin

Proposed a scientific explanation of evolution; his work On the Origin of Species was published in 1859.

Homo sapiens

The modern human species to which we belong.

BCE / CE

Before Common Era / Common Era.

Stone Age

Period when stone was widely used for tools; divided into three stages according to tool development.

Polis

Greek city-state consisting of a city and surrounding villages.

Athens

An early form of democracy developed here; the Assembly was an important part of its government.

Sparta

Greek city-state known for aristocratic rule and strong military training.

Herodotus

Known as the Father of History; wrote The Histories.

Persian rulers

Key historical figures including Cyrus, Darius I and Xerxes.

Zoroastrianism

Philosophy associated with Zoroaster where Ahura Mazda is the supreme God.

Rome

Important centre of western civilisation known for aqueducts, language, literature, art and urban planning.

Janapada

Early political territories in ancient India.

Mahajanapada

Larger and more powerful states that developed from earlier political territories.

State

A group of people living permanently within a definite territory with a sovereign government.

Four components of a State

Population, Territory, Government and Sovereignty.

Population

People living in the state; no fixed minimum number is prescribed.

Territory

A permanent and well-defined geographical area of a state.

Government

The agency through which the policies of the state are expressed and carried out.

Sovereignty

Supreme power of the state to make decisions without external control.

Political Science

Scientific study of the state; influenced by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.

Aristotle

Known as the Father of Political Science.

Force Theory

One of the three mentioned theories of state formation.

Social Contract Theory

One of the three mentioned theories of state formation.

Social Evolution Theory

One of the three mentioned theories of state formation.

Feudalism

Medieval social-administrative system based on lords and land relationships.

Renaissance

A new awakening in artistic and intellectual fields, especially in 14th- and 15th-century Europe.

Geoid

The Earth's shape, which is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulged at the middle.

Globe

A model of the Earth used to understand its surface and location.

Axis

Imaginary line joining the North Pole and South Pole on which the Earth rotates.

Latitude

Imaginary circles drawn parallel to the Equator.

Equator

$0^{\circ}$ latitude and the largest circle of latitude; divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Tropic of Cancer

An important parallel of latitude located at $23.5^{\circ}\,N$.

Tropic of Capricorn

An important parallel of latitude located at $23.5^{\circ}\,S$.

Arctic Circle

An important parallel of latitude located at $66.5^{\circ}\,N$.

Antarctic Circle

An important parallel of latitude located at $66.5^{\circ}\,S$.

Longitude

Imaginary lines joining the North Pole and South Pole.

Prime Meridian

$0^{\circ}$ longitude; passes through Greenwich and divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

International Date Line

Associated with $180^{\circ}$ longitude; crossing it changes the date by one day.

Map projection

Scientific method of transferring the curved Earth and its coordinate network to a flat surface.

GIS

Geographic Information System; used for collecting, analysing, storing and presenting geographic information.