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Nation
A large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
State
A self-governing political entity, often interchangeable with country, recognized with specific boundaries and sovereignty.
Nation-State
A formal political union of a single nationality or multiple nationalities, determining official languages and laws.
Stateless Nation
A minority ethnic group considered a nation entitled to its own state but does not possess one.
Heartland Theory
A geopolitical theory asserting control over the Eastern Eurasian landmass is key to global dominance.
Rimland Theory
A geopolitical theory arguing that control over the Rimland surrounding the Eurasian landmass is the key to world power.
World Systems Theory
A framework dividing countries into core, periphery, and semi-periphery based on socio-economic standing and political influence.
Gerrymandering
The practice of drawing political districts in a way that gives an unfair advantage to a particular political party.
Buffer State
A neutral country located between two conflicting countries, often to prevent rivalry.
Satellite State
An independent country that relies heavily on another country politically and economically, usually a periphery state.
Centripetal Forces
Forces that unify a nation's people, like shared culture, religion, or sports teams.
Centrifugal Forces
Forces that disunite a nation's people, such as ethnic differences or separatist movements.
Devolution
The movement of power from a central government to regional governments.
Boundary Types
Different categories of boundaries including physical, cultural, geometric, and fortified.
Allocational Dispute
A dispute over resources, such as oil reserves between countries.
Federal State
A government structure where power is divided between a central authority and various regional governments.
Unitary State
A state with a highly centralized government where the central authority rules its territory uniformly.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
A sea zone extending 200 nautical miles from a state's coast, where it has special rights over marine resources.
Territorial Sea
An area of sea extending 12 nautical miles from the coast where a state exercises full sovereignty.
