Speech Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

Anatomy

The study of the structure of an organism

Physiology

The function of structures in a living organism

Pathology

The study of diseases and the structural and functional changes that affect an organism

Dorsal

posterior surface

Ventral

Anterior surface

Rostral

towards the nose

Caudal

towards the tail

superficial

towards the surface

deep

away from the surface

proximal

nearer to the trunk

distal

Further from the trunk

Medial

Structure is towards the middle

lateral

structure is towards the side

ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

opposite side

Plane

being viewed

Sagittal plane

divides the body or structure into right and left parts

Midsagittal plane

divides the body equally into left and right parts

parasagittal plane

situated parallel to midline plane

coronal plane

divide the body front and back

transverse plane

divides the body top and bottom

Epithelial tissue

outer layer of mucous membrane and cells of skin

Cartilage

Strong and elastic tissue that provides smooth articulating surface for bones to meet

bone

hardest of connective tissue and forms the skeleton