Cell Membrane, Passive Transports, and Water Systems (copy)

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44 Terms

1
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What is dehydration synthesis?

Making something bigger, like a molecule.

2
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What is hydrolysis?

The process of adding water back to break down molecules.

3
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What does electronegativity measure?

The affinity of an atom to gain electrons.

4
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What is the relationship between solid water and liquid water?

Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water.

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Why does ice float?

Because it expands and is less dense than liquid water.

6
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What is osmosis?

Concentration of water moving from high to low concentration.

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What is diffusion?

Concentration of gases moving from high to low concentration.

8
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What is passive transport?

Movement of substances from high to low concentration without energy.

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What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate.

10
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What is the role of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis.

11
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What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane.

12
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What are the polar components of phospholipids?

The phosphate head is polar (hydrophilic) and the fatty acid tails are non-polar (hydrophobic).

13
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What is the fluid mosaic model?

Model describing the cell membrane as flexible and composed of various components.

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What are integral proteins?

Proteins that span the entire membrane, functioning as channels or carriers.

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What are peripheral proteins?

Proteins that attach to the membrane but do not span it completely.

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What does selectively permeable mean?

The cell membrane only allows certain substances to pass through.

17
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What is the intercellular space?

The space between the fatty acid tails in the phospholipid bilayer.

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What are amphipathic molecules?

Molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

19
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What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane?

Connects phospholipids together and maintains membrane stability.

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What is a glycoprotein?

A molecule made up of a protein and a sugar chain.

21
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What is a glycolipid?

A molecule consisting of a fat and a sugar chain.

22
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What happens when you use energy from ATP?

ATP converts to ADP, losing one phosphate group.

23
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What do channel proteins do?

They create tunnels for specific molecules to pass through the membrane.

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What do carrier proteins do?

They transport molecules across the membrane by changing shape.

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What is aquaporin?

A protein that selectively allows the passage of water through the cell membrane.

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What is the function of a cell wall?

Provides structural integrity and helps retain water in cells.

27
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What occurs during lysis?

A cell bursts open.

28
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What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

It shrinks as water leaves the cell.

29
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What does isotonic mean?

A state where there is no net movement of water; perfect balance.

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What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

It expands and can potentially burst as water enters the cell.

31
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What is turgor pressure in plant cells?

Pressure that keeps plant cells from bursting in hypotonic solutions.

32
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How do saltwater fish prevent dehydration?

They pump salt out of their gills to maintain osmotic balance.

33
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What is facilitated diffusion?

Movement of molecules across the membrane through proteins without energy.

34
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What is the main driving force of diffusion?

The concentration gradient.

35
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What are the components of a phospholipid?

A polar head and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

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What type of molecules can easily move through the phospholipid bilayer?

Non-polar and small molecules.

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What is the primary function of membranes?

To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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What is meant by the term 'osmotic pressure'?

The pressure exerted by water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.

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What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?

The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

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What is a contractile vacuole?

A vacuole in protists that helps regulate water levels.

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How do molecules with no charge behave in the phospholipid bilayer?

They can easily move through the bilayer.

42
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What is the effect of cold temperatures on hydrogen bonds in water?

They form a stable hexagonal structure in ice.

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What qualities define proteins embedded in the cell membrane?

They serve as channels or carriers for substance transport.

44
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What does the term 'concentration gradient' refer to?

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space.