Organ and hormone

Thyroid gland

• Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4 ): Stimulates and maintains metabolic processes

• Calcitonin: Lowers blood calcium level

Parathyroid glands

Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Raises blood calcium level

Pineal gland

Melatonin: Participates in regulation of biological rhythms

Hypothalamus

Releasing and inhibiting hormones: Regulate anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary

• Oxytocin: Stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary gland cells; modulates behavior
• Vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Promotes retention of water by kidneys; modulates behavior

Anterior pituitary

•Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulate gonads (ovaries or testes)
•Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates thyroid gland
•Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates adrenal cortex
•Prolactin: Stimulates mammary gland growth and milk synthesis in mammals
•Growth hormone (GH): Stimulates growth and metabolic functions
•Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH): Affects color of melanocytes, a type of skin cell

Pancreas

•Insulin: Lowers blood glucose level
•Glucagon: Raises blood glucose level

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine and norepinephrine: Raise blood glucose level; increase metabolic activity; constrict or dilate blood vessels

Adrenal cortex

•Glucocorticoids: Raise blood glucose level; control inflammation
•Mineralocorticoids: Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys

Ovaries (in females)

•Estrogens*: Stimulate uterine lining growth; promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
•Progesterone*: Promotes uterine lining growth

Testes (in males)

Androgens*: Support sperm formation; promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics