Reflexes and Reactions

galant reflex

infant suspended in prone and tapped/stroked alongside of spine: lateral flecxion and skin wrinkles toward stimulus side

age of integration: 2 months

suck-swallow relfex

finger placed inside infants mouth: strong and rhytmical sucking

age of integration: 2-5 months

rooting reflex

stroke corner of the mouth/lips: head/mouth or tongue move towards stimulus

age of integration: 3 months

ATNR

head is fully held and rotated: extremities of the face side extend and extremities on skull side flex

age of integration: 4-6 months

moro reflex

head is dropped backwards: arms extend and hands open

age of integration: 4-6 months

palmar grasp

finger is placed in palm: fingers flex reflexively

age of integration: 4-6 months

TLR prone

placed in prone position: increased flexor tone

age of integration: 6 months

TLR supine

placed in supine position: increased extensor tone

age of integration: 6 months

STNR

supported quadruped and neck is placed in flexion: upper extremities flex and lower extremities extend

supported quadruped and the neck if placed in extension: upper extemitities extend and lower extremities flex

age of integration: 8-10 months

babinski

lateral aspect of the foot is stroke: toes flare

age of integration: 8 months-1 year

plantar grasp

pressure is placed on the ball of the foot: toes flex

age of integration: 9 months

landau

held in prone suspension (horizontal): extension of head, trunk, and extremities

age of integration: 1-2 years

flexor withdrawal reflex

in supine, noxious stim applied: involuntary withdrawal of body away from noxious stim

age of integration: 1-2 months

cross extension reflex

noxious stim to extended leg (bottom of foot): extension, adduction, and internal rotation of opposite leg towards noxious stim

age of integration: 1-2 months

stepping reflex (aka automatic walking)

support upright with light-moderate pressure on soles of feet, slightly tilted forward: reciprocal flexion/extension of the legs

age of integration: 2 months

neck righting (neck on body reaction)

turn head to one side: segmented body roll to the same side as head

age of onset: 4-6 months

age of acquisition: 5 years

body righting (body on body righting)

rotation of hips: segmental roll of the upper body

age of onset: 4-6 months

acquisition: 5 years

body on head (prone)

stomach touching a support surface (lying on surface): head lifts in response

acquisition: 4-5 months

body on head (supine)

back touching a support surface (lying on back): head lifts in response

acquisition: 4-5 months

head righting

support in upright position (vertically) then slowly title to ~45 degrees to the side, forward, or backward: head moves to maintain upright optimal position/orientation

onset: birth-2 months

acquisition: on-going

pull to sit/flexion

pulled to sitting: maintenance of head aligned with the body

acquisition: 6.5 months

forward protective reaction

when falling: arms extend forward

onset: 6-7 months

acquisition: on-going

lateral protective reaction

when falling: arms extend to side

onset: 6-11 months

acquisition: on-going

backward protective reaction

when falling: arms extend back

onset: 9 months-1 year

acquisition: on-going

downward protective reaction

suddenly tip of lower toward support surface: extension of limb toward supporting surface

onset: 4-7 months

acquisition: on-going

equilibrum reactions

provide info to re-align body around the COG when the head is tilted

raising one side of supporting surface: movement of head, trunk, and/or limbs toward raised surface to compensate for changed in COG

prone equilibrium

onset: 5-6 months

supine equilibrium

7-8 months

sitting equilibrium

7-10 months

quadruped equilibrium

9 months-1 year

standing equilibrium

1-2 years