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Poetry

A literary form characterized by a strong sense of rhythm and meter, emphasizing the interaction between sound and sense.

Prosody

The study of the elements of poetry.

Alliteration

Repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words.

Alliteration Examples

“descending dew drops”

“luscious lemons”

“preach…approve”

“Inebriate of Air-am I”

The Eagle Alliteration

“He clasps the crag with crooked hands;

Close to the sun in lonely lands,”

Langston Hughes Suicide’s Note Alliteration

“The calm,

Cool face of the river

Asked me for a kiss.” "

Assonance

The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sequence of nearby words that do not end the same.

Assonance examples

“hat…ran…amber”

“asleep under a tree”

“mad as a hatter”

“each evening”

“time out of mind”

“free and easy”

“slapdash”

Alfred, Lord “the Lotos Eaters” Assonance example

“All day the wind

breathes low with

mellower tone.”"

Consonance

Repetition of consonant sounds in any position, a common type of near rhyme.

Consonance example

“home…same”

“worth…breath”

Shakespeare’s Macbeth Consonance

“Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,

That struts and frets his hour upon the stage

And then is heard no more. It is a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing.”

Euphony

Language that is smooth and musically pleasant to the ear.

Euphony Example

“cellar door”

Cacophony

Harsh sounds, the clash of discordant sounds within a sentence or phrase.

Cacophony example

“never my numb plunker fumbles”

Onomatopoeia

The use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes.

Scansion

The analysis of meter and rhyme in poetry.

Iamb

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

Iamb Example

MLK shouting “I am”

Iambic tetrameter Ex

“Whose woods these are I think I know”

Trochee

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.

Trochaic meter

“Double, double, toil and trouble, fire burna nd cauldron bubble.”

Anapest

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable.

Anapestic trimeter example

“I will go to the lake in the woods…”

Dactyl

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.

Dactylic tetrameter example:

“Just for a handful of silver he left us”

Beatles dactylic tetrameter example

“Picture yourself in a boat by a river with tangerine trees and marmalade skii- iies…”

Jim Morrison dactylic tetrameter example

You know that it would be untrue,

You know that I would be a liar,

If I was to say to you

Girl, we couldn’t get much higher.

Come on, baby, light my fire.

Try to set the night on fire.

Spondee

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of two stressed syllables.

Pyrrhic

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of two unstressed syllables.

Spondee and Phyrrhic Example

“And the white breast of the dim sea,”

Amphibrach

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of an unstressed syllable, followed by a stressed syllable, and ending with an unstressed syllable.

Amphibrach example

“am PHI brach”

Amphimacer

A metrical foot in poetry consisting of a stressed syllable, followed by an unstressed syllable, and ending with a stressed syllable.

Amphimacer example

“Live thy Life,

Young and old,

Like yon oak,

Bright in spring,

Living gold;”