Bio 107 - Week 1 Quiz 1

Science

Guided by natural law and how nature looks

Science is

a reference to the natural world and testable against the observable world

Science can answer questions like

why are there so many beetles

Science cannot answer questions like

Why do I existWhat is the purpose of life

Fact

Thing that is known to be trueT

Theory

Statement of laws/principles or something to be observed

Hypothesis

Limited evidence for future investigation

SElf correcting way of knowing

Observations → Hypothesis → prediction → test

Dependent

Y axis

Independent variable

X axis

1669 brought the rise of stratigraphy which argued that

newer layers of the rocks are on the outside

Arduino

named the specific layers of rocks

Metamorphic and Volcanic rocks are the

primary layer of rocks

Sedimentary rocks

are the secondary

Softer structures are

Tertiary and Quarternary

William Smith

helped invent trilobites

Trilobites are older

than ammomites

Order of Time

Eons

Eras

Periods

Epochs

Ages

Eons and Eras

provide a big picture view

Periods and epochs

are specific and give insight into climate

Eons are

½ billion to 2 billion years long

Hadeon Eon

4.6 - 4 billion years ago in a period of time where there were no fossils

In the hadeon eon there were

• volcanic activity and storms and small organic carbon

• cooling of the earth’s crust

Archaen Eon

4-2.5 billion years ago

IN the archean eon

there were the first signs of life, carbon dioxide and cyanobacteriaroP

Proterozoic Eon

2.5 billion years - 541 million years ago

In the proterozoic era there were

• photosynthetic bacteria

• oxygen

• eukaryotes

  • Charnia and Dikinsonia (looked like strange fossils)

Phanerozoic Era

541-252 million years ago

In the Paleozoic era

• explosion in the ocenas

• complex animals

• trilobites formed

• fish developed teeth and jaws

• Pangea formed in 299 million years aho

Mesozoic era

252-66 million years ago

in the mesozoic era

• age of reptiles

• dinosaurs

• Cretaceous paleogene

• Gulf of mexico

• influx in avian

Cretaceous paleogene

Extinction event with a giant asteroid where a cold snap and plants and animals died

Cenozoic era

66 million years - present

In the cenzoic era

• mammals and jungles

• 34 million years ice caps form

• “sahelanthropus” → early man in this era began to walk upright

The earth is

4.6 billion years old

Modern homo sapiens evolved

160,000 years ago

Layers with similar fossils

are from the same time period

Statigriphy

reveals relative ages

Radioisotopes reveal

actual ages

Radioactive isotopes are unstable

and will decay at a predictable rate

Radioactive isotopes

are unstable and will decay at a predictable rate

The ration of a parent radioactive isotope

to its stable decay product which is the known

Half - life c

can allow the time to capture time elapsed

Radioactive isotopes can

decay at anytime

C-14 has a

shorter half-life

younger

closer to surface and less radioactive decay

Precambrian era

Era that was longer ago

Hadean Eon

Before life evolved → no fossils

Archean Eon

Early life and ended with photosynthesis

Proterozoic Era

Prokaryotes dicersified with the first eukaryotic fossils

Phanerozoic Eon

Multicellular eukaryotes are diversified

Biological diversity

Physical environment for earthT

Tectonic plates

mountain formation bodies of water, volcanes, earthquakes, ocean circulation and climate

Pangea is expected to come back in

250 million years

Sea levels and temperature

fluctuated

We are changing life

and the temperature rapidly

Time is always

on the X-axis

Hadean Eon

4600 million years - 3800 billion years

Archean Eon

3800 million years to - 2500 million years

2 billion years

there are No O2, methane, hydrogen and ammoniaA

All early life forms used

anaerobic metabolism