05.B BIO Carbohydrates (PART B)

Organic compound

Compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things

Macromolecules

Aa large molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules called monomers. Organic macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrate (Function)

An essential structural component of many cells and source of quick energy

Carbohydrate (Elements)

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; ration 2H:1O

-ose

common suffix for sugars

sacch-

common prefix meaning sugar

-mer

suffix meaning unit

mono-

prefix for one

di-

prefix for two

poly-

prefix meaning many

Carbohydrates (Monomer)

Monosaccharide

Monomer

Simplest building block of a macromolecule

Polymer

Large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers

Monosaccharide (Description)

Building block of carbohydrates; chemical formula is C6H12O6

Monosaccharide (Examples)

Examples include - glucose, galactose and fructose

Glucose

A monosaccharide that is used in cellular respiration as a short-term source of energy; also the building block for starch, glycogen and cellulose; chemical formula is C6H12O6

Fructose

A monosaccharide that is naturally found in fruit and honey; chemical formula is C6H12O6

Galactose

A monosaccharide that is found in milk; chemical formula is C6H12O6

Isomers (Description)

Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas

Isomers (Examples)

Examples of compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formations include - glucose, galactose and fructose

Disaccharides (Description)

two sugars/monosaccharides bonded together by a covalent bond; include lactose, sucrose and maltose

Sucrose

A disaccharide ; table sugar

Polysaccharide (Description)

Large carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides

Disaccharide (Examples)

Examples include - sucrose, lactose, maltose

Polysaccharide (Examples)

Examples include - starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Starch

A polysaccharide found in plants that is used for food storage

Glycogen

A polysaccharide found in animals that is used to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles

Cellulose

A polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants that provides structure and support that can't be digested by humans

Hydrolysis

A chemical reactions in which water is added to break bonds; breaks apart large macromolecules

Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are covalently bond to each other when a water molecule is removed; for each bond broken one water molecule must be removed