Inorganic and Organic Substances

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What commonly called substances are needed by the body

nutrients, metabolites, minerals, etc.

Substances are grouped as…

Inorganic or Organic

Inorganic Substance

Substance that lacks carbon (with some exceptions)

Examples of necessary inorganic substances for the body

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inorganic salts

Water

Body’s solvent, makes about 2/3 of our body weight

Oxygen

Needed for cell respiratoin

Carbon dioxide

Waster product of cell respiration

Organic Substance

Substance that contains carbon and hydrogen

Four main categories of organic substances in the human body

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Carbohydrate function

Sugars that provide energy and structural components to the body

Carbohydrate basic subunit

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharide

Simple sugars (glucose, fructose, etc.)

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharides joined together (lactose, sucrose, etc.)

Polysaccharide

Many monosaccharides joined together (starch, glycogen, etc.)

Lipids function

(Fats), Energy storage, protection, structural components of cells

Lipid basic subunit

Fatty acids and glycerol (can be combined in many forms to make different kinds of lipids)

Fats

Triglycerides = 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

Two types of fats

Saturated (solid at room temp) and Unsaturated (liquid at room temp)

Phospholipids

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + Phosphate group

Where are phospholipids found?

Cell membrane(s)

Steroids

Make up sex hormones (estrogen and testosterones) and cholesterol

Proteins function

Structural components (like muscle) and functional components (like enzymes) of cells

Proteins basic subunit

Amino Acids

How many amino acids are there

20 total

Polypeptide

Amino acids formed a larger chain of molecules

If a protein loses its structure…

it loses its function

Denaturation

Process of a protein losing its structure

Nucleic acids function

Carry genetic information (like DNA or RNA)

Nucleic acids basic subunit

Nucleotides

What do nucleotides come together to form?

DNA and RNA

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid - Double stranded

What does DNA contain?

A, C, G, and T

RNA

Ribonucleic acid - Single stranded

What does RNA contain?

A, C, G, and U