Philippine, Chinese, and Japanese World Literature Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Philippine literary history, creative nonfiction development, linguistic context critical approaches, Chinese historical inventions and poetry, and Japanese classical literature based on lecture transcripts.

How was literature formed and passed down during the Precolonial Period in the Philippines?

It includes all literature formed before Spanish colonization and was passed down orally.

What types of oral works are included in the Precolonial Period, and what are three examples of folk songs depicting daily life?

It comprises chants, proverbs, songs, spells, and folk narratives. Examples of songs include "Magtanim ay di Biro", "Manang Biday", and "Pamulinawen".

How does the transcript characterize folktales, fables, legends, myths, and epics from indigenous storytelling?

Folktales have no definite author and convey lessons; fables feature animal characters; legends present uncertain historical events; myths explain beliefs; and epics celebrate heroes and their adventures.

What themes and literary forms were introduced during the Spanish Colonial Period, and who are two notable writers?

Literature was influenced by Spanish themes and ideas, introducing forms like corrido, songs, and zarzuela. Notable writers include Jose de la Cruz and Francisco Baltazar.

What key systemic changes occurred during the American Period, and what early literary works were written in English?

The period introduced free education and the English language. Early works in English include "Filipino Poetry", "Dead Stars", and "A Child of Sorrow".

What changes occurred during the Japanese Period regarding language and censorship, and which publication compiled Tagalog stories?

Tagalog was made the official language under strict censorship, and "Liwayway" compiled excellent stories written in Tagalog.

What themes characterized the Postwar Period, and who are three notable writers mentioned?

Works reflected social issues and Filipino experiences. Notable writers include Nick Joaquin, F. Sionil Jose, and Edith L. Tiempo.

What is Creative Nonfiction as defined in the transcript, and what forms does it include?

It is defined as narratives of real events, primarily essays. Its forms include Memoir, Biography, Autobiography, Diary, and Essay.

What early creative nonfiction essay was introduced during the American Occupation?

Zoilo Galang's Life and Success (1921).

What notable creative nonfiction work from the Japanese Occupation is cited in the transcript?

Horizons from My Nipa Hut (1941).

Which key figure led the rise of literary journalism in the Philippines during the 1960s-70s?

Nick Joaquin.

Which key work from 1996 represents the autobiographies and war narratives of the 1990s?

Breaking the Silence (1996).

What 21st-century essay collection is mentioned as an example of recent Philippine creative nonfiction?

Wala Lang (2004).

What emerging literary forms are listed in the transcript?

Illustrated Novels, Doodle Fiction, Flash Fiction, and Electronic Literature (which involves Hyperpoetry and blogs).

What is Linguistic Context and what are its three levels of operation?

Linguistic Context examines surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs to determine the exact meaning of a text. Its levels of operation are Word/phrase, Sentence/Paragraph, and Whole Work.

What analysis strategies are used when examining Linguistic Context?

Strategies focus on diction, syntax, figurative language, tone, overall structure, and content.

How does Structuralism evaluate a literary text?

It evaluates how a text fits into a universal blueprint of storytelling.

How does Formalism (New Criticism) approach text analysis?

It analyzes the text as a self-contained unit, ignoring authorial background and historical context.

What does Post-Structuralism assert regarding language and interpretation?

It asserts that language is unstable and open to multiple interpretations.

How far back does Hanzi date, and what do foundational works in Chinese literature emphasize?

Hanzi dates back approximately five thousand years, and works emphasize social duties and harmony.

What major historical inventions from China are listed in the transcript?

Paper Making, Movable Type Printing, Gunpowder, Compass, Alcohol, Mechanical Clocks, Tea Production, Silk, Umbrella, Acupuncture, Iron Smelting, Porcelain, Earthquake Detector, Rocket, Bronze, The Kite, Seed Drill, Row Crop Farming, Toothbrush, and Paper Money.

What characterized the poetry of Du Fu?

He wrote structured, realistic poems on war, poverty, and rural life.

How is Li Bai described in the transcript?

He was a romantic poet who used free form while traveling.

Who was Su Tungpo (Su Shi) and what were his literary contributions?

He was a Northern Song era poet who wrote over 2000 poems, including works on his political banishment.

What are the definitions of the Chinese poetic forms Shī, Cí, Gē, Qu, and Fù?

Shī represents couplets; Cí represents syllabic/tonal song patterns; Gē represents song; Qu represents a freer form used in theater; and Fù represents descriptive prose and couplets.

What are the Four Great Classic Novels of Chinese literature and their respective authors?

The Novel of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguó Yǎnyi) by Luo Guanzhong; Journey to the West (Xi You Ji) by Wu Cheng'en; Dream of the Red Chamber (Hónglóu Mèng) by Cao Xueqin; and Water Margin (Shuĭhů Zhuàn) by Shi Nai'an.

What are the core details, historical periods, and scripts associated with Japanese literature?

Japanese literature is highly emotional and subjective, spanning Ancient, Medieval, and Modern periods using Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji.

Who wrote The Tale of Genji and what is its historical significance?

It was written by Murasaki Shikibu (c. 978-c. 1014) and is recognized as the world's first modern novel.

Who is the author of The Pillow Book?

Sei Shonagon.

Which literary accomplishment is attributed to Matsuo Bashō in the transcript?

He established haiku.