ALHS 1040 Final Exam Review Flashcards

A comprehensive review of healthcare history, professionalism, vital signs, infection control, diseases, and emergency procedures for final exam preparation.

Hippocrates

The physician who shifted the belief of medicine from magic and the supernatural to a physical matter.

Edward Jenner

Known as the Father of immunology; developed the first cowpox vaccine.

Rene Laennec

The individual who invented the stethoscope.

Louis Pasteur

The scientist who developed pasteurization for food and liquid preservation.

Joseph Lister

Developed the Listerian method, which focuses on sterilization.

Elizabeth Blackwell

The first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States.

Ignaz Semmelweiss

The physician who championed the practice of hand washing.

Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice

The four core principles of ethical codes.

Ethics

The term used to define a person's moral compass.

Bio-Ethics

The study of ethical issues related to medicine, healthcare, and the life sciences.

HIPAA

The acronym for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

Patient Self Determination Act

Ensures patients have the right to make their own healthcare decisions and create advance directives.

Oral Temperature Range

The normal range is $97.6-99.6^\circ F$ ($36.5-37.5^\circ C$).

Rectal Temperature Range

The normal range is $98.6-100.6^\circ F$ ($37.0-38.1^\circ C$).

Radial Pulse

The most common site on the wrist to take a pulse.

Palpation

The act of obtaining a pulse using the fingers.

Auscultation

The act of listening to sounds through a stethoscope.

Normal Respiratory Rate

The range of $12-20\,\text{breaths per minute}$.

Systole

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

Diastole

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.

Phase I Korotkoff Sound

The first clear tapping sound representing systolic pressure.

Phase V Korotkoff Sound

The point where sounds disappear, representing diastolic pressure.

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure, specifically below $90/60\,mmHg$.

Tachycardia

An abnormally fast heart rate, over $100\,\text{bpm}$ in adults.

Bradycardia

An abnormally slow heart rate, under $60\,\text{bpm}$ in adults.

Febrile

A term meaning having a fever.

Apnea

The temporary absence or stopping of breathing.

Incubation Period

The time between exposure to a pathogen and the first symptoms.

Infectious Process Stages

The four stages: Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, and Recovery.

Medical Asepsis

Also known as clean technique.

Surgical Asepsis

Also known as sterile technique.

Sterilization

The process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores.

Vector-borne transmission

Disease spread by insects or animals, such as mosquitoes or ticks.

OSHA

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which ensures safe and healthy working conditions.

PPE Donning Order

Gown $\rightarrow$ Mask $\rightarrow$ Goggles/Face Shield $\rightarrow$ Gloves.

PPE Doffing Order

Goggles/Face Shield $\rightarrow$ Mask $\rightarrow$ Gown + Gloves.

Retrovirus

The type of virus that causes HIV.

Hepatitis D

A co-infection that requires the presence of the $HBV$ virus.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

The virus that causes both chicken pox and shingles (herpes zoster).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The specific bacteria that causes Tuberculosis ($TB$).

AVPU

An acronym for initial assessment: Alert, Responds to Verbal stimuli, Responds to Painful stimuli, Unresponsive.

PERRLA

An assessment finding: Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, and Accommodation.

Shock

A life-threatening condition caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood in the brain.

Rule of Nines

The method used to calculate the percentage of body tissue burned by estimating total body surface area.