D4

Spirometry findings for obstructive lung disease ratio?

↓↓ FEV1 > ↓ FVC = decrease the ratio more than 0.7

Spirometry lung volumes for obstructive pattern?

↑↑ RV = ↑ TLC and ↑ FRC

Core pathophysiological feature of asthma?

Reversible airway obstruction

Spirometry findings for restrictive lung disease ratio?

↓ FVE1 < ↓↓ FVC = the ratio preserved or may increase

Spirometry lung volumes for restrictive pattern?

↓↓ RV = ↓ TLC and ↓ FRC

Definition of Type I respiratory acidosis?

Type I: hypoxemia without hypercapnia

Definition of Type II respiratory acidosis?

Type II: hypoxemia with hypercapnia

Highlighted structural and pulmonary causes of respiratory acidosis?

Airway obstruction, Acute lung disease

Highlighted drug-induced causes of respiratory acidosis?

Opioids, sedatives

Highlighted psychological and environmental causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Anxiety/panic attack, Hypoxemia (eg, high altitude)

Highlighted neoplastic cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Tumor