Urinary and Reproductive Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards covering urinary system structures, common urinary disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases discussed in the lecture notes.

Urinary System

Body system that filters blood, removes waste, and produces and eliminates urine.

Kidneys

Two fist-sized, bean-shaped organs below the rib cage that filter blood and form urine.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney where blood filtration and urine formation occur.

Ureters

Two 10–12-inch tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the bladder.

Bladder

Reservoir that stores urine before it is eliminated from the body.

Urethra

Small tube leading from the bladder floor to the body exterior, allowing urine to exit.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Common infection of any part of the urinary tract; often healthcare-associated and more frequent in women.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that obstructs urine flow, causing frequency, urgency, pain, or blood in urine.

Kidney Failure

Condition in which the kidneys cannot remove waste or excess fluid, leading to retention and possible heart failure or hypertension.

Acute Kidney Failure

Sudden loss of kidney function that develops rapidly.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Gradual, irreversible loss of kidney function over time.

Urinary Diversion

Surgical rerouting of urine flow to an alternate exit from the body.

Kidney Stones

Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain and obstruction.

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

Infection passed from person to person through sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, anus, or mouth.

Chlamydia

Common bacterial STD that may present with few or no symptoms.

Genital Herpes

Viral STD caused by herpes simplex virus, characterized by painful sores.

Gonorrhea

Bacterial STD that can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat.

HIV/AIDS

Viral infection that attacks the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Group of viruses; some strains cause genital warts and others can lead to cancers.

Syphilis

Bacterial STD that progresses in stages and can cause serious systemic damage if untreated.

Trichomoniasis

Parasitic STD caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, often producing itching or discharge.