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Electron Affinity
It is the ability of an atom to accept an electron
Electron Affinity
Unlike electronegativity, This is a quantitative measurement of the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral gas atom.
Higher an Atoms Affinity for Electrons
The more negative the electron affinity value, the _____________________________.
Decreases Down a Group of Elements
Electron Affinity generally _______________ because each atom is larger than the atom above it.
Electron Affinity
This means that an added electron is further away from the atom's nucleus compared with its position in the smaller atom.
Relatively Weaker
In Electron Affinity, With a larger distance between the negatively-charged electron and the positively-charged nucleus, the force of attraction is __________________
Electron Affinity Increases from left to Right within a Period
This is caused by the decrease in atomic radius.
Electron Affinity Increases from left to Right within a Period, Electron Affinity Decreases from Top to Bottom within a Group
What are the Notes in Electron Affinity?
Electron Affinity Decreases from Top to Bottom within a Group
This is caused by the increase in atomic radius.
Electronegativity
It can be understood as a chemical property describing an atom's ability to attract and bind with electrons
Electronegativity
It is a qualitative property, there is no standardized method for calculating this
Pauling Scale
It is the most common scale for quantifying electronegativity
Pauling Scale
It named after the chemist Linus Pauling
Linus Pauling
Who made the Pauling Scale
Pauling Scale
The numbers assigned by the This are dimensionless due to the qualitative nature of electronegativity.
Electronegativity Values
This for each element can be found on certain periodic tables.
Electronegativity
It measures an atom's tendency to attract and form bonds with electrons.
Electronic Configuration of Atoms
Electronegativity measures an atom's tendency to attract and form bonds with electrons. This property exists due to the What?
Octet Rule
Most atoms follow what rule which having the valence, or outer, shell comprise of 8 electrons
generally lose electrons
the elements on the left side of the periodic table ____________________ when forming bonds
more energy efficient in gaining electrons
elements on the right side of the periodic table are __________________________ to create a complete valence shell of 8 electrons.
nature of electronegativity
It is effectively described the more inclined an atom is to gain electrons, the more likely that atom will pull electrons toward itself.
electronegativity increases from left to right across a period of elements
If the valence shell of an atom is less than half full, it requires less energy to lose an electron than to gain one. Conversely, if the valence shell is more than half full, it is easier to pull an electron into the valence shell than to donate one.
electronegativity increases from left to right across a period of elements, Electronegativity decreases from top to bottom down a group, Important exceptions of the above rules include the noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides, As for the transition metals
What are the Notes in Electronegativity?
Electronegativity decreases from top to bottom down a group
This is because atomic number increases down a group, and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius
Important exceptions of the above rules include the noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides
The noble gases possess a complete valence shell and do not usually attract electrons. The lanthanides and actinides possess more complicated chemistry that does not generally follow any trends. Therefore, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides do not have electronegativity values.
As for the Transition Metals
although they have electronegativity values, there is little variance among them across the period and up and down a group. This is because their metallic properties affect their ability to attract electrons as easily as the other elements.
Noble Gases, Lanthanides, Actinides
What are the Important exceptions of the above rules in Electronegativity?
Electron Affinity
The amount of energy released when the atom gains an electron
Electronegativity
The general tendency of the electron of the atom to attract electrons toward itself in a compound
