animal physiology quiz 2

cranial

head

caudal

tail

dorsal

back

ventral

belly

proximal

towards body

distal

away from body

superficial

closer to the surface of the body

adduct

moving a body part towards the mid line of the body

abduct

moving a body part away from the mid line of the body

lateral

away from the center line of the face

medial

closest to the center line of the face

why is air pressure important?

lungs, fluids in cells

what are cell membranes made of?

combo of lipids, proteins, and carbs

the more metabolically active a cell is the….

higher the protein content

phospholipid bilayer

two layers of phospholipids arranged with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing innward

why does the phospholipid bilayer aggregate?

because of the hydrophobic effect and dual nature of phospholipid molecules

endocytosis

movement into the cell

exocytosis

movement out of the cell

phagocytosis

cell swallows particle completely

CAMs—communicate, occlude and anchor

Cell Adhesion Membranes

cell junctions

permanent cell-cell adhesions

gap junctions

allow both chemical and electrical signals to pass rapidly

Tight junctions

make a barrier to occlude; can be “leaky”

Anchoring junctions

connect to other cells or extracellular matrix