BSC 2011 Final Exam

In which of the following examples would sepeciation most likely occur?

A) Two populations of oak trees begin releasing pollen at different times of the year, one in the spring and the other in the fall

B) Unseasonably warm temperatures cause an unusual low pressure zone over the Caribbean leading to a hurricane that eradicates a population of parrots on the island of Saba

C) The Fukushima nuclear power plant fails and leaks radioactive water into the ocean causing sterility among an entire population of sea horses

D) Lake Huron warms by 2 degrees centigrade due to a hole in the ozone layer

A

Your friend has been studying a population of fire ants found on beaches of Tampa Bay. she thinks they might be a distinct species from the fire ants found a bit inland in pine forests. to test this hypothesis, she samples many individuals from the beach at Fort DeSoto and many individuals fro the pine Flatwoods area at lettuce lake park near USF. She brings the ants to the lab to see if the queen from the Fort Desoto population can be fertilized by the sperm from lettuce lake population. which definition of species is she using to make her determination?

A) Morphological Species concept

B) biological Species concept

C) Allopatric species concept

D) ecological species concept

B

Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their heads, much like male deer. The existence of antlers in beetles, flies, and deer species with strong male-male competition is an example of

A) parsimony

B) similarity due to shared ancestry

C) convergent evolution

D) homology

C

A population of lizards live in a forest; 100 are green, 100 are brown, 100 are orange. a forest fire occurs and 85% of the lizards die. the remaining lizardsa re all green and brown, after 25 generations the lizards are still green and brown; orange lizards never reappeared in the population. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

A) sexual selection

B) balancing selection

C) genetic drift

D) hetero zygote advantage

E) mutation

C

Which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between two populations?

A) lower than average fitness in both populations

B) decreased genetic difference between the two populations

C) higher average fitness in both populations

D) increased genetic difference between two populations

B

Darwin and Wallace were the first to explain

A) how alleles work to form genotypes

B) how species evolve over time without individuals changing during their lifetime

C) that species change over time

D) that species can go extinct

E) how individuals changing during their life leads to speciation

B

And a population of flowering plants that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium there are two possible alleles for color: R and W. Flowers that are red and have a genotype of RR while white flowers have WW genotypes and pink flowers have RW genotypes in a population of 100 of this plant species 35 are red, 20 or white, and 45 are pink. What is the allele frequency of the W allele?

A) 0.42

B) 0.2

C) 0.45

D) 0.35

A

Based on the phylogenetic tree below, you would conclude that

A. A treat found only in sponges and mice probably first appeared in ancestor D

B. A trait found in all five extant species is probably not found an ancestor B

C. Mice are more closely related to sponges then to mushrooms

D. Ferns and mice share a large number of shared derived characteristics

E. Ferns are more closely related to sponges than they are to mushrooms

C

An archeologist is working at a dig site in sedimentary rocks. At 10m depth, she finds a large number of fossils that resemble modern birds. At 15m depth, she finds an equal density of lizard-like fossils. about these fossils?

A) The lizard and the bird most likely occupied the same ecological niche

B) No conclusions can be made without dating the accompanying rocks

C) The lizard fossil is most likely older than the bird fossil

D) The bird fossil is most likely older than the lizard fossil

E) The lizard and bird must have overlapped in time

C

And your biological diversity course, you are not animals should be grouped as shown in tree 1 and the figure below. This is based on morphological data: species a and B have radial symmetry and species C, D, and E all have bilateral symmetry. Further, species D and E have a shell, while no other species shown here have one. Your lab partner undertakes an undergraduate research project in which she sequences part of the genome of the species, and find that species see C and D have much more similar DNA sequences than either of them share with species E. Based on that information she proposes that the phylogenetic tree should be revised as it is in tree 2 below. Is this a reasonable suggestion?

A) yes, as species that are more closely related have more similar nucleotide sequences. The presence of a shell in species D & E could be the result of convergent evolution, or shells may have evolved in the common ancestors of species C, D, and E then subsequently lost in species C.

B) no, because these similarities in DNA are most likely due to convergent evolution

C) yes, as species that are more closely related have more similar nucleotide sequences. The presence of a shell could be the result of convergent evolution, but it is not likely that shells were present in the common ancestor of C, D, and E since traits are rarely lost.

D) no, because tree 1 and tree 2 show the same thing.

E) no, because once trees have been constructed based on one set of data it makes little sense to redraw them again

A

Because hardly any oxygen was in the early earths atmosphere, the earliest single celled heterotrophic micro organisms probably used which of the following to produce energy to drive metabolic processes?

A) photosynthesis

B) anaerobic cellular respiration

C) oxidative phosphorylation

D) aerobic cellular respiration

B

On a coral reef in the Florida Keys, a population of damselfish has to color variation: brown and pink. These fish seek habitats that provide good camouflage, so brown individuals mostly associate with stands brown Elkhorn coral and pink individuals are found exclusively in colonies of pink finger coral. Meeting occurs within these coral patches, with females laying eggs onto the rocks or dead coral, which is immediately fertilized by mail. Overtime these two groups of damselfish are likely to

A) undergo sympatric speciation due to female choice

B)Undergoes sympatric speciation due to habitat speciation

C) be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

D) produce a large number of offspring's that are the result of meeting between pink and brown individuals

E) undergo allopatric speciation due to polyploidy

B

The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5700 years. You have found a fossil that you believe to be about 17,100 years old because it has ______ the normal expected ratio of carbon 14

A) 1/8

B) 1/16

C) not enough information

D) 1/32

A

Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?

Condition one: the population must vary and traits that are heritable

Condition two: some heritable traits must increase reproductive success

Condition three: individuals pass on most traits that they acquired during their lifetime

A. 2 only

B. 1 only

C. 1&2

D. 2&3

C

Which of the following list is correctly ordered from broadest to narrowest?

A. Class, order,Genius, family

B. Kingdom, phylum, order, class

C. Kingdom, order, phylum, class

D. Phylum, class, order, family

D

Over long periods of time, many cave dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. We also have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?

A. Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse

B. Natural selection cannot account for losses, but account only for new structures and functions.

C. Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater cost than benefits

D. The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that force them to lose the structures

C

A population of Beatles is exposed to radiation. Most beetles are completely unaffected by the radiation, while a small subset of individuals develop mutations, resulting in large morphological changes. However, these beetles with mutations are no longer able to reproduce and have no offspring. Is this radiation event likely to be a driving force for evolutionary changes in this population?

A. There is not enough information given to answer this question

B. Yes

C. No

C

While comparing DNA sequences to build a phylogenetic tree of bacteria, Jennifer finds a confusing piece of data: one population which would otherwise fit nicely into a particular clade seems to contain at least one very long DNA sequence that matches to that of a very distantly related clade. What process is most likely responsible for this mystery?

A. Convergent evolution

B. Mutation

C. Horizontal gene transfer

D. Hybridization

C

And a very large population, a quantitive treat has the following distribution pattern. If there is no gene flow, the curve shifts to the right and the population size consequently increases over successive generations, which of the following is most likely to occur?

A. disruptive selection

B. Genetic drift

C. Immigration or emigration

D. Directional selection

D

Speciation is most commonly caused by what process?

A. Hybrid inviability.

B. Geographic isolation

C. Gene flow

D. Behavioral isolation

B

Which statement is the best explanation for the high degree of sequence homologies found between the DNA of cats and panthers?

A. Cats and Panthers have a recent common ancestor

B. There has been a lot of horizontal gene transfer between cats and panthers

C. Cats and Panthers commonly mate in the wild

D. Cats and Panthers have similar adaptive pressures and their sequences are similar largely through convergent evolution

A

Which of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is violated when gene flow is increase between two or more populations?

A. Random meeting

B. Natural selection is not occurring

C. No migration

D. Large population

C

Why would plants colonizing dryland cause the earth to cool rather than warm?

A. Plants absorb heat one photosynthesizing

B. Plants allow for shading of land

C. Land plants release oxygen

D. Plants take up carbon dioxide, which reduces the greenhouse effect

D

Which of the following is not strong evidence that two species are closely related?

A. Discovery of a high degree of DNA sequence similarity between the species

B. Observing both species using strong claws to dig into the sediment

C. Seeing that two species share morphologies during development

D. Existence of fossils that possess many traits of both species

B

Sometimes members of a population will randomly die off due to some catastrophic event (such as a hurricane), leaving a few chance survivors. The survivors will then rebuild the population. Usually this will result in a decrease in genetic variation. Which term describes this event?

A. Gene fixation

B. Bottleneck

C. Founder affect

D. Directional selection

B

The biological species concept divines is species as a group of individuals that can breed to create viable, fertile offspring. In which of the following cases can't be a most readily applied to, to determine if two groups of organisms should be considered different species?

A. To extant groups of cyanobacteria

B. Two groups of baleen and Wales, one found in the north Atlantic and the other near Antarctica

C. Two extinct groups of lobsters that look morphologically quite different from the fossil record

D. Two groups of salmon that spawn in the same river in British Columbia

D

Which of these species are most likely to be preserved in modern fossils?

A. Fish from the tertiary period, about 10 million years ago, and shallow coastal waters

B. Heterotrophic prokaryote from the Archean era, about 3 billion years ago, in the oceans

C. See anemone from the Cambrian period, about 500 million years ago, in shallow costal waters

D. Plant from the Triassic period, about 200 million years ago, in a desert

A

The extravagant courtship rituals, calls/dances/nest site creations, seen in birds of paradise are likely a result of

A. Intersexual selection

B. Balancing selection

C. Neutral drift

A

Which of the following statements correctly describes some part of natural selection?

A. limited resources lead to competition between individuals in a population

B. Variation in Gene expression is required for natural selection to take place

C. Natural selection explains parents of Microevolution but not those of macroevolution

D. Traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more prevalent within a generation

A

A population has two alleles, A and a, and is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of alleles a is 0.3. What is the frequency of the individuals with an AA genotype

A. 0.09

B. 0.49

C. 0.7

D. 0.2

B

A forest population of flies utilize different elaborate courtship rituals, which involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. One season, a mutation causes some of the flies to change their courtship rituals, which now only attract a certain genotype of females to mate. If this situation persisted indefinitely what is the likely long-term outcome?

A. Sympatric speciation

B. Gene flow

C. Allopathic speciation

D. Hybrid breakdown

E. Habitat isolation

A

A professional engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses whales and bats. The actual fore limbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged because _______.

A. Hind limb buds never appeared during embryonic development of whales

B. Wheels are often predators

C. The bone structure and whale flippers is analogous to the bone structure in hippopotamus

D. The blowhole of whales develop at the end of the snout when it first appears in embryonic development, before migrating to the top of the head

E. All of the above

D

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

A. Bats and birds both have wings and can fly

B. When a horse and donkey mate their offspring is a hybrid called a mule

C. Dogs and wolves have similar morphologies and the same common ancestor

D. Darwins finches have different beak morphologies based on their diet

A

A species of weed with short spines develops long spines over many years after the introduction of a beetle which eats the weed. Which is the best explanation of this change?

A. The predation of the beetle cause we Tatian's in the weed, which resulted in production of natural defenses

B. The genes for long spine production were transferred to the weeds from the beetle via horizontal gene transfer

C. Individual weeds produce longer spies after being eaten, which led to the production of longer spines of the offspring by those weed plants.

D. Weed plants with the shortest spines were more readily eaten leaving those with longer spines to have more offspring

D

A friend sent you a box of dried and pinned grasshoppers that were collected in the rain Forest of Panama and ask you to determine how many species are represented in the group. Which of the following approaches would be least useful for this task?

A. Reproductive isolation

B. Molecular features

C. Morphological traits

A

Two populations of birds with somewhat different coloration live on opposite sides of a peninsula. The habitat between the population is not suitable for these birds. When birds from the two populations are brought together they produce young who's appearance is intermediate between the two parents. These offspring will breed with each other or with birds from either parent population, and I'll offspring of these pairings appear intermediate to various degrees. What keeps the two populations separate?

A. Lack of hybrid viability

B. Behavior isolated reproductive activity

C. Habitat isolation

D. Temporal reproductive isolation

C

The populations of crickets look very similar but the males have courtship songs that sounds different. What function would this difference in doing likely serve if the population's came in contact?

A. A behavioral isolation reproductive mechanism

B. A gametic reproductive isolating mechanism

C. A temporal reproductive isolation mechanism

D. A postzygotic isolating mechanism

A

Eukaryotic cells...

A. Appeared around 3.5 billion years ago before prokaryotic cells

B. Appeared 3.5 billion years ago from Endosymbiosis of a bacteria inside in Archaea

C. Appeared around 1.5 billion years ago before prokaryotic cells

D. Appeared around 1.5 billion years ago from Endosymbiosis of a bacterium inside in archaea

D

A group that indicates bats and hawks (flying vertebrates) is...

A. Polyphyletic

B. Paraphyletic

C. Monophyletic

D. Allophyletic

A

At the edge of two populations of snails, some individuals mate with each other to produce hybrids. This hybrid zone...

A. Decreases gene flow between the populations

B. Increase is gene flow between the populations

C. Is likely to spread sterility throughout both populations

D. Is likely to speed up the process of speciation

B

Scientific experiments have demonstrated plausible mechanisms by which all of the following happened except which?

A. The appearance of metabolism and inheritance from self replicating molecules in Protocells

B. The polymersization of nucleotides and amino acids into larger molecules

C. The appearance of the first nucleotides in amino acids

D. The formation of membranes that enclose organic molecules

A

Which of the following are the best candidates to evolve by natural selection?

A. An oak tree capable of producing 1000 acorns at a time

B. A population of bacteria that are all identical clones

C. A population of grasshoppers of all different shapes and sizes

D. A female elephant that is the leader of her herd

C

In a Hardy Weinberg population with to alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of alleles a is 0.2. What is the frequency of individuals that are heterozygous for this allele?

A. 0.32

B. 0.020

C. 0.16

D. 0.04

A

Most swiss starlings produce 45 eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes the situation?

A. Directional selection

B. Disruptive selection

C. Stabilizing selection

D. Sexual selection

C

A population of butterfly has two alleles for color blue (b) and red (r). bb individuals are blue; rr individuals are red; heterozygous are purple. Which of the following mechanisms could lead to an appearance of a new allele this population?

A. Neutral evolution

B. Genetic drift

C. Mutation

D. Natural selection

C

You compare homologous nucleotide sequence is between several pairs of species with known divergence times. A pair of species at the verge to 1 million years ago has two nucleotide differences, a pair of the day bridge 2 million years ago has four nucleotide differences, and a pair that diverge 3 million years ago has six nucleotide differences. Do you have DNA sequence data for the homologous Jean and another pair of species where the divergent time is unknown. There are three nucleotide differences between them. Based on your clock, when would you estimate their line of ancestry diverged?

A. 3 million years ago

B. 2 million years ago

C. 2.5 million years ago

D. 1.5 million years ago

D

The genius of the bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae refers part to its shape. You can expect that under a light microscope these bacteria should look

A. Spiral shaped

B. Rod shaped

C. Round shaped

D. C-shaped

C

Which of the following mechanisms of horizontal change transfer in prokaryotes involved in physical connection between two cells?

A. Translocation

B. Transduction

C. Conjugation

D. Transformation

C

You would expect a flagellate to have:

A. Many irregular extensions of cytoplasm, used in feeding

B. Energy producing organelles called flags

C. One or two long extensions from its cell, used in locomotion or to create water current

D. Multiple short protrusions from its cell used in locomotion

C

The domains bacteria and Archaea...

A. Form a monophyletic group

B. Both have cell walls if each are not found in eukaryotes

C. Both have DNA that is not contained inside a nucleus

D. Both are dominated by extremophiles

E. All of the above

C

Finding which of the following in a cell of an organism would represent evidence of Endosymbiosis and the ancestors of the organism?

A. A cell wall

B. ether linkages cell membrane

C. Organelles surrounded by two plasma membrane's

D. Circular nuclear DNA

C

In gymnosperms, dispersal may occur via all of the following except

A. Seeds, carried by the wind

B. Seeds, carried on the fur of animals

C. Pollen, carried by animals that ingest it

D. Pollen, carried by the wind

C

Dry and cool conditions in a terrestrial environment should most favor

A. Monilophytes due to their megaphylls

B. Bryophytes due to their small size

C. Lycophytes due to their dominant sporophyte generation

D. Seed plants due to their ability to disperse sperm inside pollen

D

Two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are

A. Pollen and seeds

B. Vascular system and lignin

C. Flowers and fruits

D. Flagellates sorry and gamerantia

A

Similar to most amoebozoans, the forams and the radiolarians also have pseudopods, as do some of the white blood cells of animals (monocytes). If one were to erect a taxon that included all organisms that have cells with pseudopods, what would be true of such a taxon?

A. Include all eukaryotes

B. Be polyphyletic

C. Be monophyletic

D. Be paraphyletic

B

Which of the following characteristics tends to limit bryophytes and seedless vascular plants to habitats that are relatively moist?

A. Presence of lignified vascular tissue

B. Presence of free living, independent zygotes and early embryos

C. Presence of flagellated sperm

D. Absence of a cuticle

C

While observing a Gram stain bacteria, you know that the specimen has a purple color. This means that:

A. The specimens peptidoglycan layer is thick, making it a gram-negative bacteria

B. The specimens peptidoglycan layer is thin, making it a gram-positive bacteria

C. The specimens peptidoglycan layers thick, making it a gram-positive bacteria

D. The specimens peptidoglycan layer is then making it a gram-negative bacteria

C

Plant like photosynthesis that releases oxygen occurs in

A. Foraminiferas

B. Cyanobacteria

C. Proteobacteria

D. Archaea

B

Bacillus anthracite is a species of bacteria that can be fatal to humans if ingested in food or drink it could be classified as a

A. Producer

B. Decomposer

C. Pathogen

D. Nitrogen fixer

C

Plants had to overcome many challenges in order to colonize land. Which of the following is not one of those challenges?

A. Using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

B. Ability to resist gravity

C. Dispersal if gametes

D. Resisting desiccation

A

A very abundant fruit eating bird in Texas is particularly attracted to red food you would expect that a plant in this area may experience

A. Directional selection for leaves that have some red coloring on them

B. Directional selection for red fruit

C. Diversifying selection for red flowers

D. Balancing selection for red flowers

E. Diversifying selection for red and yellow flowers

B

Rhodophytes in the land plants have the following characteristics in common:

A. Both include organisms that are multicellular

B. All of the above

C. Both can create habitat for animals

D. Both can photosynthesize

B

At the farmers market, you buy spinach, tomatoes, and bell pepper. All of these foods have in common that:

A. They are gymnosperms

B. Their shape is mostly the result of epigenetic changes, compared to the wild ancestors

C. Their ancestors have been affected by both natural selection and artificial selection

D. They are fruit, and the botanical term

C

In a phylogenetic tree below which of the following traits appeared at number two

A. Embryos

B. Pollen

C. Roots

D. Alternation of generations

C

Apical meristems ______.

A. Occur in both roots and shoots of plants

B. Occur only in roots of plants

C. Occur only in shoots of plants

D. Allow plants to move from one place to another

A

Today, they're around 250,000 species of angiosperms, yeah fewer than 1000 species of gymnosperms. How many ecosystems, angiosperms also dominate in terms of biomass. Which of the following is a likely reason for the success of angiosperms?

A. Their flowers concentrate secondary metabolites that are toxic to the pollinators that eat them

B. The fruit that grow Ron Paul and greens attract animals and increase

C. Their flowers attract pollinators which enhances fertilization rate and reproductive success

D. There haploid endosperms provide a back up in case the first sperm cell fails to fertilize the egg, which increases reproductive success

C

Which of the following organisms is most closely related to fungi?

A. Slime mold

B. Dinoflagellate

C. Sunflower

D. Elephant

D

Photoautotrophic bacteria:

A. Obtain food from the environment in their energy from sunlight

B. Produce their own food in obtain their energy from sunlight

C. Obtain their own food from methane in their energy from inorganic compounds

D. Produce their own food in obtain their energy from inorganic compounds

B

Which of the following traits first appeared at number one in the tree below

A. Microphylls

B. Vascular tissue

C. Alternation of generations

D. Pollen

C

You have a pine tree in your backyard in your little cousin marked with a knife to mark his love for his girlfriend. 10 years later, this Mark will be...

A. Higher

B. At the same spot

C. Higher or at the same spot depending on growing conditions

C

Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates algae from land plants?

A. Land plants contain plastids for photosynthesis while algae photosynthesize using non-plastid organelles

B. When plans have multiple adaptations to reduce water loss such as stomata and a cuticle well algae do not

C. I'll go tissues arise from apical meristem's where is plant tissues grow most actively near the base of the sporophyte

D. Algae have a Sporic lifecycle while land plants have a zygotic lifecycle

B

Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of excavates?

A. Microvilli

B. Cell wall

C. Feeding groove

D. Pseudopodia

C

Plant have many adaptations which allowed for life on land. Which of the following is one such trait?

A. High surface area to volume ratio

B. Asexual reproduction

C. Zygotic lifecycle

D. Waxy cuticle

D

Generally speaking for plants, dispersal is...

A. Disadvantageous as offspring will be most successful when they grow close to their parents

B. Disadvantages as offspring are likely to get to poorer habitats

C. Advantageous for colonizing new habitats and enhancing genetic diversity

D. Advantageous for colonizing new habitat in limiting genetic diversity

C

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an Alga the mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it...

A. Has cell walls that are completely comprise largely of cellulose

B. Is surrounded by cuticle

C. Contains chloroplasts

D. Does not contain vascular tissue

B

And onions cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues. How many chromosomes should be in the nucleus of an egg within the embryo sac prior fertilization?

A. 8

B. 16

C. 24

D. 32

A

Which two domains are most closely related?

A. bacteria and Archaea

B. Bacteria and eukarya

C. Archaea and Eukarya

D. All are equally related

C

In the lifecycle of a dinoflagellate shown below, the sexual part of the lifecycle of the depicts a

A. Zygotic life cycle

B. Clonal life cycle

C. Sporic life cycle

D. Gametic life cycle

A

A small plant species live on the edge of ponds and relies on difusion to bring various molecules to different parts of his body. The evolution of vascular tissue in this plant would allow it to gain which of the following advantages?

A. The ability for the female gametophyte to provide protection and nourishment for the embryo

B. The ability to reproduce away from water

C. The ability to produce specialized tissues and organs

D. The ability to grow taller thereby increase spore dispersal

D

You're here at Clearwater Beach when a bunch of dead fish come floating by. Over the next few hours hundreds more fish wash up on the beach. Later, you see on the news that Clearwater Marine aquarium responded to several calls about marine mammals in distress in the area. Based on this information, you would conclude that the organism causing these events is a

A. Rhizarian

B. Dinoflagellate

C. Excavate

D. Diatom

B

_______ are heterotrophic protists; while _______ are photoautotrophic protists

D

Compared to gymnosperms, bryophytes have a relatively ________ sporophyte generation which means they tend to have comparatively ________ dispersal potential

A. Small... low

B. Big... high

C. Small... high

D. Big... low

A

Which of the following mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes involves a viral infections

A. Conjunction

B. Transformation

C. Transduction

D. Translocation

C

The following question refers to the generalize lifecycle for land plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over and arrow represents meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization. In the figure, meiosis is most likely to be represented by which numbers?

A. 2

B. 2&8

C. 4

D. 10&12

C

Which of the following groups is not in the same supergroup as the land plans?

A. Kelp

B. Rhodophytes

C. Chlorophytes

D. Green algae

A

What adaptations should one expect of the seed codes of an angiosperm species whose and seeds are disbursed by fruit eating animals, as opposed to angiosperms who seeds are disbursed by other means?

A. The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animals mouth in the seedcoat should be able to withstand high acidity

B. The exterior of the seed coat should have Barb's or hooks, and the seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animals mouth.

C. The seat code, upon his complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals

D. The seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity, and the secret should be resistant to the animals digestive enzymes

D

Movement of the minerals in a plant should be the slowest in:

A. Angiosperms

B. Lycophytes

C. Bryophytes

D. Gymnosperms

C

Protists include

A. Prokaryotes that are unicellular or multicellular

B. Organisms in four different eukaryotic supergroups, which mostly live in aquatic or moist environments

C. Multiple clades of eukaryotes that are all unicellular

D. Organisms that reproduce by binary fission

B

In tropical rainforest a large amount of leaves are not eaten by herbivores and instead accumulate as leaf litter on the forest floor. In Malaysia tropical forests, Burkholderia spp bacteria are an important group breaking down your Ganic molecules in this leaf litter and releasing in organic nutrients; hence their activity boost plant photosynthesis and growth. Burkholderia spp are considered:

A. Pathogen

B. Nitrogen fixer

C. Producer

D. Decomposer

D

The life cycle below is a _______, and the multicellular structure shown in #1 is a ______.

A. Alteration of generations, gametophyte

B. Gametic life cycle, gametophyte

C. Zygotic life cycle, sporophyte

D. Sporic life cycle, sporophyte

A

Nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria

A. Require inorganic Imodium to create organic molecules

B. Tend to lower productivity of an area due to the infections they cars and other organisms

C. Require inorganic nitrates to create organic molecules

D. Can use atmospheric nitrogen to create organic molecules

D

Which of the following supergroups contains humans?

A. Amoebozoa

B. Unikonta

C. Animalia

D. Rhizaria

E. Excavata

B

Which of the following structures is important in locomotion for amoebozoans?

A. Pseudopodia

B. Cell wall

C. Microvilli

D. Cilia

E. Flagella

A

Imagine a hypothetical gymnosperm that has evolved in a remote island of the Pacific which has no herbivores. Compared to similar species on cottons with herbivores, you should expect that the island gymnosperm would have

A. Low levels of secondary metabolites in its leaves

B. Large tasty fruit with tough seeds

C. Small bitter fruit with easily digestible seeds

D High levels of secondary metabolites in its leaves

E. Strong scent to attract pollinators to its flowers

A

The new species of unicellular protest is discovered. The species has a lifecycle where it's gametes are the only haploid cells produced. Gametes cannot divide to form new haploid cells but they may fertilize other gametes to form diploid cells. What type of lifecycle is this

A. Sporic

B. Gametic

C. Zygotic

D. Clonal

B

Around hydrothermal vent's there are many prokaryotes that use energy from hydrogen sulfide and build organic molecules using inorganic compounds. These prokaryotes could be called

A. Chemoheterotroph

B. Photoautotrophs

C. Chemoautotrophs

D. Photoheterotrophs

C

Large animals need specialized organs for gas exchange because______

A. Surface area increases more rapidly than volume of size increases

B. Volume increases more rapidly than service area size increases

C. They collect more energy and therefore have more energy to allocate to specialized tissues

D. They require more oxygen per unit of volume

B

The figure depicts the outline of a large ferry ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soul. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters under the soil surface. At which location is the mycelium currently absorbing the most nutrients per unit surface area, per unit time?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A

Which of the following statements is correct about the phylogenetic relationships of animals?

A. The presence of a cuticle in both arthropods in nematodes is the result of convergent evolution

B. Radial symmetry arose independently in echinoderms Cnidarians

C. The group lophotrochoza includes both protestors and deuterostomes

D. Dura stones are polyphyletic group and similarities in early development between urchins and humans as a result of convergent evolution

B

Fisher's that have swim bladders can regulate their density and does their buoyancy. There are two types of swim bladder: physostomous and physoclistous. The ancestral version is the physostomous version in which the swim bladder is connected to the esophagus via short tube. The fish fills this version by swimming to the surface, taking off some air, and directing them into the swim bladder. There is removed from this version by belching. The physoclistous Version is more derived and has lost its connection to the esophagus. Instead, gas in tears and leaves the swim bother you had a special circulatory mechanisms with in the wall of the swimbladder. The presence of a swimbladder allows a typical ray finned fish to stop swimming and still

A. Not sink

B. Effectively circulate it'sblood

C. Use it swim bladder as a respiratory Organ

D. Use it lateral line system

A