lower body muscles

iliacus

1. iliac fossa

2. lesser trochanter

3. femoral nerve L2-L4

4. flexes hip

psoas

1. posterior abdominal wall t12-l5

2. lesser trochanter

3. femoral nerve L2-L5

4. flexes hip

vastus medialis (bold?)

1. medial intertrochanteric line, linea aspera, medial suprachondylar line, pectineal line

2. quadriceps femoris tendon

3. femoral nerve

4. extends leg at knee

vastus intermedius

1. upper anterior 2/3 and lateral femur

2. quadriceps femoris tendon

3. femoral nerve

4. extends leg at knee

vastus lateralis (bold?)

1. lateral intertrochanteric line, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity

2. quadriceps femoris tendon

3. femoral nerve

4. extends leg at knee

rectus femoris

1. AIIS, ilium above acetabulum

2. quadriceps femoris tendon

3. femoral nerve

4. flexes at hip extends at knee

sartorius

1. ASIS

2. medial tibis bellow tuberosity

3. femoral nerve

4. flexes hip and knee

gracilis (BOLD? f)

1. pubis and ischiopubic ramus

2. medial proximal tibia

3. obturator nerve

4. adducts, flexes thigh

adductor longus (B function)

1. anterior pubis

2. linea aspera of middle femur

3. obturator nerve

4. adducts, medial rotation

pectineus (b all)

1. pectineal line

2. lesser trochanter to linea aspera

3. femoral nerve

4. adducts + flexes hip

adductor brevis

1. inferior ischiopubic ramus and body of pubis

2. upper linea aspera

3. obturator nerve

4. adducts thigh

obturator externus Insertion

1. external obturator membrane

2. trochanteric fossa

3. obturator nerve

4. lateral rotation

adductor magnus insertion

1. adductor → ischiopubic ramus → linea aspera, medial suprachondylar line, posterior femur

2. hamstring → ischial tuberosity → adductor tuberosity

3. obturator nerve

4. extends hip, adducts, medially rotates

5. adductor hiatus passes the femoral nerve

gluteus maximus

1. external ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, saccrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

2. gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera

3. inferior gluteal L5-S2

   1. abducts, extends, laterally rotates, stabilises

tensor fascia latae

1. iliac crest between ASIS and tubercle

2. iliotibial tract

3. superior gluteal nerve

4. stabilises hip and knee

gluteus medius

1. external ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal line

2. greater trochanter

3. superior gluteal L4-s1

4. medially and laterally rotates, abducts

gluteus minimus

1. external ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal line

2. greater trochanter

3. superior gluteal

4. medially rotates and abducts

piriformis

1. anterior sacrum

2. greater trochanter

3. nerve to piriformis S1-S2

   1. laterally rotates and abducts flexed hip

obturator internus

1. obturator membrane and surrounding bone

2. greater trochanter

3. obturator nerve

4. laterally rotates

quadratus femoris

1. lateral aspect of ischium to ischial tuberosity

2. quadrate tubercle and intertrochanteric line

3. nerve to quadratus femoris

   1. laterally rotates and abducts flexed femur

gemelus

1. superior → ischial spine → obturator nerve

2. inferior → ischial tuberosity → quadratus femoris nerve

3. greater trochanter and obturator tendon

4. laterally rotates and abducts flexed femur

biceps femoris

1. lateral → ischial tuberosity → tibial division of sciatib

2. medial → lateral lip of linea aspera → common fibular division of sciatic

3. head of fibula

4. extends hip and flexes knee + laterally rotates

semitendinosus (insertion)

1. ischial tuberosity

2. medial surface of proximal tibia

3. tibial division of sciatic

4. flexes knee and extends hip +medially rotates

semimembranosus

1. ischial tuberosity

2. medial proximal tibia posterior to medial condyle

3. tibial division of sciatic

4. extends hip, flexes knee, mediallu rotates

popliteus

1. lateral femoral condyle

2. posterior surface of tibia

3. tibial nerve

4. stabilises knee → prevents tibial lateral rotation on fixed femur

5. unlocks knee → lateral rotation of femur on fixed tibia

gastrocnemius

1. lateral → lateral condyle

2. medial → posterior surface of femur above medial condyle

3. calcaneal tendon

4. tibial nerve

5. flexes knee and plantarflexes

plantaris

1. lateral femur inferior to supraepichondylar line and popliteal tendon

2. calcaneal tendon

3. tibial nerve

4. flexes knee, plantarflexes

soleus

1. soleal line, tendinous arch and posterior fibula

2. calcaneal tendon

3. tibial nerve

4. plantarflexes

flexor hallucis longus

1. posterior fibular and interosseous membrane

2. base of distal phalanx 1 plantar surface

3. tibial nerve

4. flexes digit 1

tibialis anterior

1. interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula

2. medial cuneiform and navicular plantar surface

3. tibial nerve

4. plantarflexes inverts and stabilises arch

flexor digitorum longus

1. posterior tibia

2. base of distal phalanx 2-5

3. tibial nerve

4. flexes toes

fibularis longus

1. lateral upper 2/3 of fibula

2. medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

3. superficial fibular nerve

4. everts support arch, and plantarflexes

fibularis brevis

1. lower lateral fibular

2. plantar surface of base of 5th metatarsal

3. superficial fibular nerve

4. everts foot

tibialis anterior

1. lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

2. dorsum of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

3. deep fibular nerve

4. dorsiflexes, inverts and supports arch

extensor digitorum longus

1. lateral tibial condyle and medial surface of fibula

2. dorsal expanses of distal and middle phalanx of 2-5

3. deep fibular nerve

4. extends digits and dorsiflexes

fibularis tertius

1. distal medial fibular

2. dorsum of metatarsal 5

3. deep fibular nerve

4. everts and dorsiflexes

flexor hallucis longus

1. upper medial fibular and interosseous membrane

2. base of distal phalanx 1 dorsum

3. deep fibular nerve

4. extends 1 digt and dorsiflexes foot

superficial foot dorsum

1. extensor digitorum brevis → deep fibular nerve

supe

deep foot dorsum

1. dorsal interossei → deep fibular (1+2) lateral plantar nerve (3-4)

superficial plantar

1. abductor hallucis → medial plantar nerve

2. abductor digiti minimi → lateral plantar nerve

3. flexor digitorum brevis → medial plantar nerve

medial plantar

1. quadratus plantae → lateral plantar nerve

2. lumbricals → medial (1) lateral (2-4) plantar nerve

fdeep plantar

1. flexor hallucis brevis → medial plantar

2. adductor hallucis → lateral plantar

3. flexor digiti minimi → lateral plantar

4. plantar interossei → lateral plantar nerve