POLARITY,IMF ON PHY PROPERTIES, IMF IIN SOLUBILITY

Polarity

refers to the uneven distribution of electrical charge in a molecule due to differences in electronegativity.

A molecule is polar if:

1. It has polar bonds

2. It has an asymmetrical shape

Polar Molecules

• Uneven charge distribution

• Net dipole moment

Nonpolar Molecules

•

• Even charge distribution

• Symmetrical shape

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

• Stronger IMF → higher boiling point

100°C

water boils at this rate because of hydrogen bonding

183°C

O₂ boils at – this rate due to weak dispersion forces

Evaporation

• Substances with weaker IMF evaporate faster

Alchohol

evaporates faster than water because:

• It has weaker hydrogen bonding

• Less energy is needed for molecules to escape

Table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

dissolves in water due to hydrogen bonding between:

• –OH groups of sugar

• Water molecules