AP Human Geo Unit 1 (Hamilton)

Physical Geography

the study of natural processes and the distribution of features in the environment such as landforms, plants, animals and climate.

Human Geography

the study of events and processes that have shaped how humans understand, use, and alter Earth

Spatial Perspective

To where something occurs

Ecological perspective

Refers to the relationship between living things and their environment

Location

the position that piking or object occupies on Earth

Absolute Location

The exact location of an object usually expressed in longitude and latitude

Relative Location

a description of a place in relation to other places or features

Place

a location on Earth that is distinguished by its physical and human characteristics

Mental Maps

Internalized representations of portions of Earths surface

Site

Refers to a places absolute location as well as its physical characteristics such as landforms, climate and resources

Situation

REfers to a place's location in relation to other places or its surrounding features.

Space

Refers to the area between two or more things on Eart's surface

Distributed

arranged within a given space

Density

The number of things, people, or animals in a specific area.

Pattern

How things are arranged in a particular space

Flow

Changes over time as things move from one place to another

Environmental Detrimiism

HUman behavior is largely controlled by physical environment

Distance Decay

The farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have

Friction of distance

a concept that states that distance requires time, effort and cost to overcome

Time-Space compression

A principle that describes teh proceeses causing the relative distance e between places to shrink

POssiblms

Theory that humans have more agency or ability to produce a result rather than enviornemal detrimism,

Sustainability

The use of Earths land and natural resources in ways that ensure that they wil continue to be available n the future

Scale

Refers to the area of the world being studied

Region

An area of Earthj's surface with certain characteristics that make it distinct from other areas F

Formal Region

An area that has one or more shared traits, it has formal lines and boundaries.

Functional Region

An area organized by its function around a focal point of a functional region called a node.

Perceptual/Vernacular region

a type of region that reflects peoples feelings and attitudes.

Globalization

The expansion of economic cultural, and political processes on a worldwide scale

Theory

A system of ideas intended to explain a certain phenomena

World Systems theory

Explains the history of uneven economic development and political control

Core Countries

HIghly interconnected with good transportation sand stable governments

Periphery

Less stable governments and poorer services

Semi-Periphery

In the process of industrializing

Sustainable development

The development that meets the needs of the p0resent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Toponym

The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.

Cultural Geography

A subfield of Human Geography that examine how markers of our identity are visible across space through language religion and art

What are the four ways that a Map distorts the world

Shape, Distance, relative size, direction centering

What is a thematic map

a map that shows a particular theme, or topic

What is a reference map

show locations of places and geographic features.

What are the five examples of a thematic map

Choropleth, Graduated Symbol Map, Isoline Map, Dot Map, Cartogram

What is a choropleth Map

A map that uses color and shading to display quantitative data.

What is a graduated symbol map

A map that uses a graduated symbol that gets larger or smaller based on density or prevalence of the measured factor.

What is an Isoline map

Using lines of equal value to show elevation, temperature, etc.

What is a dot map

Dots are used to show locations of a specific observation or event

What is a Cartogram map

A map that distorts size or shape in proportion to what is being measured.

What are some characteristics of the Mercator Projection

Longitude and Latitude are correct, shape is correct distorts the size of continents and pushes Eurocentric perspective

Wyhat are some characteristics of the Gall Pateres projection

Makes size more accurate, distorts the shape, less accurate longitude and latitude

What is GIS?

Geographic Information System. A computer that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data, used for mapping

What is GPS

Global Positioning System. A system that determines one's exact location on Earth using satellites, but requires you to be in range

What is remote sensing

The acquisition of data about Earth's surface without being physically present.

What are the five themes of geography?

Movement, Region, Human-Environment Interaction, Location, Place

Which geographic concepts illustrate Spatial concepts

5 themes of geography, space, place, flows/patterns, Distance decay,. Space-Time compression

How does sustainability illustrate spatial relationships?

Impact on environments future

How do natural resources illustrate spatial relationships?

What are they and who controls them

How does Land use illustrate spatial relationships

How is land used, viewed, and owned.,

How does environmental determinism illustrate spatial relationships?

Environment determines how we live/act

How does Possiblism illustrate spatial relationships?

How we modify the environment

What are spatial relationships?

the links people and places have to one another because of their locations

What are spatial patterns?

General arrangements of things being studied and the repeated sequences of events, or processes, that create them.

Robinson Map

Everything is distorted in small amounts, more distorted near the poles

Gall Homolosine

Interrupted map that is pretty accuarte