[2.2] Early Childhood (Gross Motor Skills)

2-6 years old (18mo. - 5 yrs)

Timeline for Early Childhood

Sense of independence and individuality

what increases since the emergence of more advanced gross and fine motor skills

Sphincter control

Physiological function in line with toileting

• autonomy

• Expressive language

• Sphincter control

What begins in early childhood

Pre-gang age

What do professionals call this age that meand forming of associations

Imitative age

What do professionals call this age that means they keep on repeating what you are doing

• terrible twos

• Problem age

• Troublesome age

• Preschool age

• Pre-gang age

• Exploratory age

• Questioning age

• Imitative age

• Creative age

What are the other names some professionals call this stage?

The 2nd and 3rd year

When do rapid growth rate of infancy slows down?

Rapid growth rate of infancy

What slows down during 2nd and 3rd year?

Become more pronounced

What happens to the chin ?

Elongates

What happens to the neck of a toddler?

Cone shaped

What shape does the body become?

4 back molars erupt

What happens to the teeth?

Last half year of early childhood

When do baby teeth begin to be replaced by permanent teeth?

Front central incisors

Permanent teeth

Limbs grow faster than head

What grows faster in early childhood?

On the limbs

Where does the concentration for early childhood will tend to be?

5 years old

what age will it be where brain is 75% of its adult weight

6 years old

What age will the child’s legs make up 45% of body weight?

75 % of its adult weight

In a 5 yo, how many percent will the brain be developed?

45% of body weight

In a 6 yo, how much percent will the child’s legs make up?

Eustachian tube

Shorter and more horizontal (ear infections) ; not yet well developed

stomach is straight and digestive tract is not yet fully matured

Why is the stomach frequently upset?

Immaturity of retina

What is immatre in children in early childhood?

• begins running

• Walks tiptoe & up/down the stairs

• Jumps down from step

• Hops on 1 foot for few steps

What are the gross motor skills of a 2-2.5 yo?

Gallops

What are the gross motor skills of 3-4 yrs old?

• Walks straight line

• Runs well

• Pedals tricycle

• Jumps off floor with both feet

What is the gross motor skills of a 3 yo?

3-3.5 yo

When will a child walk downstairs with alternating feet?

2.5-3 yo

When will a child walk upstairs with alternating feet?

2.5-3 yo

When will a child walk upstairs with alternating feet?

3-5 yo

When will a child jump over objects?

• sits up from supine without rotating

• Walks awkwardly on balance beam

• Skips w 1 foot

What are the gross motor skills of a 4 years old

4-5 yo

What age is a child able to walk in a circular line

5 yo

When is a child able to mature run?

10 seconds

How long can a 5 yo balance on each foot?

5-6 yo

When will a child be able to skip on alternating feet?

4 yo

When can a child skip with one foor

• walks securely on balance beam

• Engage in true skipping

• Mature running

• Hops in straight line

• Balance 10 secs on each foot

• Broad jumps 3 feet

• Throws overhand

What are the gross motor skills of a 5 yo?

• rides bicycle

• Roller skates

• Swims

• Master’s ball skills

What are the gross motor skills of a 6 yo?

Forearm extension; stationary feet

How does a 2-3 yo ensure a more forceful throw?

3-4 yo

When does a child throw with slight body rotation?

4-5 yo

When is a child able to throw with increased body rotation?

Steps forward during throw

How does a 5-6 yo child ensure a more forceful manner of throwing?

Larger materials

What materials are used for catching as it is easier to control?

10-inch ball with rigid arms stretched

What and how can a 2-3 yo child catch?

3-4 yo

When can a child be able to catch by trapping a small ball against chest

4-5 yo

When can a child catch a ball with hands

5-6 yo

When can a child have mature throwing and catching

2-3 yo

When will kicking emerge?

6 yo

When can a child have accurate kicking to a target