Independence Movements

Flashcards about the Independence Movements and Latin America

Sugar Act

A British law passed in 1764 that aimed to raise revenue by taxing sugar and molasses imported into the colonies

Stamp Act

Legislation enacted in 1765 by the British Parliament that required colonists to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used

Quartering Act

A law enacted in 1765 that required colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies for British troops stationed in the colonies

Boston Massacre

A confrontation that occurred on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers killed five colonial men, including Crispus Attucks

Tea Act

A law passed in 1773 that granted the British East India Company the right to sell tea to the colonies free of the usual colonial taxes

Sons of Liberty

A secret organization formed in the American colonies in the mid-1700s to protect the rights of colonists and to resist British policies

First Continental Congress

A gathering of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies in 1774, held in response to the Intolerable Acts

Intolerable Acts

A series of punitive measures enacted by the British Parliament in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party

Declaration of Independence

Adopted in 1776, this document proclaimed the thirteen American colonies free from British rule

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that argued for American independence from Britain

Second Continental Congress

Convened in 1775, this assembly managed the colonial war effort and moved incrementally towards independence

Battle of Lexington and Concord

The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, these battles occurred on April 19, 1775

Battles of Saratoga

A turning point in the American Revolutionary War, these battles took place in September and October 1777, ultimately leading to the French alliance with the colonies

Valley Forge

A pivotal winter encampment during the American Revolutionary War where the Continental Army endured harsh conditions from 1777 to 1778

Battle of Yorktown

The final major battle of the American Revolutionary War, where British General Cornwallis surrendered to the combined forces of the American and French troops

South American Wars for Independence

a series of revolutionary movements that took place in the early 19th century, leading to the independence of most Spanish colonies in South America.

Simon Bolivar

A military and political leader who played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from Spanish rule during the early 19th century. Liberator of Latin America, eventually creating 6 new republics

The First Republic

After news of Joe Bonaparte on the throne, creoles in Venezuela overthrew the administration and set up their own government. (JUNTA). It was established in 1810, marking the beginning of Venezuela's quest for independence from Spanish colonial rule.

Bolivar sent to London

Get British support for independence (Didn’t get it). Met with Francisco de Miranda. Both to go back to Venezuela to liberate completely.

1811-1812

New Constitution written. Spanish royalists took advantage of the continued discontent among the lower castes and encouraged black insurrection. Racial violence alienated most Creoles from the cause of independence. The USA wouldn’t help Bolivar. The First Republic Failed… Royalists took back control in 1812. Bolivar flew back to New Granada, gained soldiers, won many battles, and went back to Caracas

Haitis role!

fled to Jamaica, Wrote the Letter to Jamaica, which outlined his vision for Latin American independence and requested support from leaders in the region.