Erich Fromm's Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Humanistic psychoanalysis

Initially a follower of Freud, Fromm developed ______ to explore why people act irrationally despite having the capacity for rationality.

Existential Dilemma

Arises from the separation of modern individuals from nature and prehistoric unions, leading to feelings of loneliness and awareness of life's complexities.

Reason

Synonymous with intelligence, it prompts questions about events and circumstances, such as why things happen or what is occurring.

Relatedness

The desire to connect with others, with unhealthy relatedness involving complete submission in relationships and healthy relatedness focusing on pursuing love.

Transcendence

The aspiration to grow beyond current limitations, with unhealthy transcendence involving destructive behaviors and healthy transcendence centered on creation and growth.

Rootedness

The need to feel at home, with unhealthy rootedness manifesting as being stuck in comfort zones and healthy rootedness involving exploring the world for new experiences.

Sense of Identity

The urge to maintain individuality while being connected to others, with unhealthy identity linked to seeking validation from external sources.

Frame of Orientation

The necessity of having goals and direction in life, with unhealthy frames involving irrational goals and healthy frames focusing on rational objectives.

Positive Freedom

Achieved when maintaining freedom while retaining a sense of identity and connection with others, leading to fulfillment and satisfaction.

Mechanisms of Escape

Include authoritarianism, masochism, sadism, destructiveness, and conformity, which are ways individuals avoid the burden of freedom and responsibility.

Character Orientations

Nonproductive orientations involve receptive, exploitative, hoarding, and marketing characters, while productive orientations focus on creation and growth, leading to a fulfilling life.