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Humanistic psychoanalysis
Initially a follower of Freud, Fromm developed ______ to explore why people act irrationally despite having the capacity for rationality.
Existential Dilemma
Arises from the separation of modern individuals from nature and prehistoric unions, leading to feelings of loneliness and awareness of life's complexities.
Reason
Synonymous with intelligence, it prompts questions about events and circumstances, such as why things happen or what is occurring.
Relatedness
The desire to connect with others, with unhealthy relatedness involving complete submission in relationships and healthy relatedness focusing on pursuing love.
Transcendence
The aspiration to grow beyond current limitations, with unhealthy transcendence involving destructive behaviors and healthy transcendence centered on creation and growth.
Rootedness
The need to feel at home, with unhealthy rootedness manifesting as being stuck in comfort zones and healthy rootedness involving exploring the world for new experiences.
Sense of Identity
The urge to maintain individuality while being connected to others, with unhealthy identity linked to seeking validation from external sources.
Frame of Orientation
The necessity of having goals and direction in life, with unhealthy frames involving irrational goals and healthy frames focusing on rational objectives.
Positive Freedom
Achieved when maintaining freedom while retaining a sense of identity and connection with others, leading to fulfillment and satisfaction.
Mechanisms of Escape
Include authoritarianism, masochism, sadism, destructiveness, and conformity, which are ways individuals avoid the burden of freedom and responsibility.
Character Orientations
Nonproductive orientations involve receptive, exploitative, hoarding, and marketing characters, while productive orientations focus on creation and growth, leading to a fulfilling life.
