Chapter 2 PowerPoint Notes

Movement of stars, planets, sun

The motion of celestial bodies in the night sky.

Key for survival of ancestors

The understanding of astronomical phenomena played a crucial role in the survival of ancient civilizations.

Astronomy as the first science

Astronomy was one of the earliest scientific disciplines, focusing on the observation and study of celestial objects.

Stonehenge

A prehistoric monument built over a long time to mark the passage of time and the seasons.

Ptolemy

Ancient astronomer who proposed the geocentric model with Earth at the center of the universe.

Copernicus

Astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the universe.

Tycho Brahe

Astronomer who made significant observations of the night sky, including a new star, and collected data on planetary movement.

Kepler's First Law

Planets have elliptical orbits around the Sun.

Galileo Galilei

Scientist who contributed to the field of mechanics and supported Copernicus' heliocentric view.

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Concepts related to the motion of objects, with equations to calculate them.

Newton's First Law

Objects in motion stay in motion, objects at rest stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's Second Law

The force acting on an object is proportional to its mass and acceleration (F=ma).

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Momentum

The product of an object's mass and velocity, determining its motion.

Angular momentum

The rotational equivalent of linear momentum.

Newton's law of universal gravitation

The force of gravity between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (F=Gm1m2/d^2).

The Gravitational Constant, G

A fundamental constant in physics that determines the strength of the gravitational force.

Weight and Gravity

Weight is the force experienced by an object due to gravity, while mass remains constant.

Big G and Little g

Formulas to calculate the force of gravity and acceleration due to gravity on Earth.