ch 10 - Middle Childhood Development and Psychopathology

Vocabulary flashcards covering psychosexual and psychosocial stages, cognitive and social development, family dynamics, and childhood psychological disorders.

Latent Stage (Freud)

A stage in middle childhood characterized by the repression of sexual impulses and a shift in focus toward the development of skills and mastery of tasks.

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

Erikson's stage where children work to master tasks; success leads to feelings of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

Social Cognitive Theory

A theory emphasizing rewards and modeling in development, noting that children in middle childhood increasingly self-regulate behavior through internal motivation rather than external rewards.

Perspective-taking

A cognitive advance identified by Piaget that allows children in middle childhood to better understand social dynamics and facilitate complex relationships.

Self-Concept

The perception of oneself which evolves from physical characteristics to abstract qualities like traits, abilities, and social relationships during middle childhood.

Self-Esteem

A child's evaluation of their self-worth across specific domains, which typically declines in early childhood but rises again during adolescence.

Learned Helplessness

A phenomenon where children feel they lack control over their environment, leading to decreased persistence and the belief that success depends on innate ability rather than effort.

Coregulation

A process beginning in middle childhood where control gradually transfers from parent to child, fostering autonomy and responsibility in decision-making.

Alarm Reaction

A physiological response involving increased heart rate and elevated stress observed in children exposed to high levels of parental conflict or divorce.

Effective Schools

Educational environments characterized by seven identifiers: strong leadership, engaged staff, high expectations, positive climate, integrated curriculum, parent involvement, and continuous assessment.

Pygmalion Effect

A self-fulfilling prophecy where a teacher's high expectations lead to enhanced student achievement.

Rosenthal & Jacobson Study

A study that illustrated how teacher expectations significantly impact student performance, providing evidence for the Pygmalion effect.

Conduct Disorder

A disorder involving ongoing rule-breaking and low frustration tolerance, influenced by genetic predispositions, family dynamics, and peer influences.

Negative Attribution Style

A maladaptive cognitive style that can exacerbate a child's feelings of helplessness and increase the risk of depression.

Separation Anxiety

Distress occurring when separating from caregivers, diagnosed as a disorder when the intensity and duration exceed normative developmental expectations.

School Phobia

A specific fear regarding the school environment that often leads to school refusal, distinct from general separation anxiety from parents.