paris 1830-1848

What is a barricade?

A: A temporary barrier made of furniture, cobblestones, or debris used by revolutionaries to block streets and defend against military forces.

Who was on the barricades in July 1830 and why?

A: Mainly workers, students, and middle-class Parisians; they protested against Charles X’s restrictions on press and political freedoms.

Who was on the barricades in 1834 and why?

A: Mostly working-class Parisians; they rebelled against poor labor conditions and government repression during the July Monarchy.

Why was class a dividing line in 1834?

A: The middle class supported stability and property rights, while the working class demanded better conditions and political inclusion.

What changes occurred in Paris during the July Monarchy?

A: Expansion of railroad stations and steamships; population growth, especially in poor eastern neighborhoods; worsening urban crowding.

Why were worker neighborhoods harder hit by cholera in 1832?

Overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions increased exposure to contaminated water.

What is cholera and how is it spread?

A: A deadly disease caused by contaminated water, leading to severe dehydration.

What was the miasma theory vs. germ theory?

A: Miasma theory: disease came from “bad air”; Germ theory: disease caused by microorganisms (the correct explanation).

Q: What did Clark’s “View from Notre-Dame” describe about Parisian work?

A: Main professions included artisans, small merchants, and service workers

Was Paris an industrial city?

A: No, it was not industrial or industrializing during this period.

What freedoms were restricted before the 1848 revolution?

A: Freedom of speech, press, and political association.

What happened on February 22–25, 1848?

Protests met by force → barricades built → monarchy fell → “Right to Work” recognized → National Workshops created.

Who made up the provisional government (Feb 24)?

A: A mix of liberal politicians and worker representatives, reflecting diverse social interests.

What happened in April 1848?

A: Elections to the National Constituent Assembly, dominated by conservatives unfriendly to workers.

What caused the June Days (1848)?

A: The abolition of National Workshops led to worker uprisings—bloodiest street fighting in Europe at the time.

What were the results of the June Days?

A: 1,500–3,000 killed; 12,000 arrested and exiled to Algeria.

What broader impact did the 1848 revolutions have?

A: Inspired revolutions across Europe seeking constitutional monarchies and workers’ rights.

What happened in December 1848?

A: A new constitution created universal male suffrage and a directly elected president—Louis-Napoleon won.

What was the significance of Louis-Napoleon’s 1848 victory?

A: Rural France voted for stability, opposing revolutionary Paris; start of populist politics.Return of a bonaparte to french leadership.

What occurred on Dec. 2, 1851?

A: Louis-Napoleon’s coup d’état: arrested representatives, extended presidential term, restricted freedoms.

What was the main power struggle in this period?

A: Paris vs. the rest of France—urban revolutionary politics vs. conservative rural majority.