ch 22 med terms

lecture

Psychiatry

A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment & prevention of mental illness.

Psychiatrist

Complete medical school & get further education in psychotherapy & psychopharmacology.

Psychotherapy

Techniques for treating mental illness.

Psychopharmacology

Drug therapy for mental illness.

Child Psychiatrist

Specialize in the treatment of children.

Forensic Psychiatrist

Specialize in the legal aspects of psychiatry, such as the determination of mental competence in criminal cases.

Psychoanalysts

Complete 3 to 5 additional years of training in a special psychoanalysis in which the patient relates their thoughts.

Psychologist

A non-medical professional who is trained in methods of psychotherapy and has a PhD.~works with experimental research or social psychology

Clinical psychologist

Uses various methods of psychotherapy to treat patients but cannot prescribe medication or treat with ECT.

IQ test

Used to see intelligence level.

Rorschach Technique

Uses ink blocks to tell the medical professional where the patient's thought process might be.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Contains T/F questions to reveal aspects of personality.

Amnesia

Loss of memory.

Anxiety

Degrees of apprehension, dread, uncertainty with physical symptoms such as palpitations, tightness in chest, sweating, tummy aches.

Apathy

Absence of emotions or interest in anything.

Compulsion

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety.

Conversion

Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness or paralysis, that does not have a physical reason.

Delusion

Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.

Dissociation

Uncomfortable thoughts are split from the person's conscious awareness to avoid mental distress.

Dysphoria

Intense feelings of depression, discontent and generalized dissatisfaction with life.

Euphoria

Intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness and excitement.

Hallucinations

False or unreal sensory perceptions, either in what is heard or what is seen.

Labile

Variable: undergoing rapid emotional changes.

Mania

Elevated, expansive state with talkativeness, hyperactivity, and racing thoughts.

Mutism

No, or very little, ability to speak.

Obsession

Involuntary, persistent idea or emotion.

Paranoia

Overly suspicious or fixated on something.

ID

Unconscious instinct/get what I want no matter what.

EGO

is the mediator of ID and outside world: postpone what ID wants till appropriate or not get it at all

Superego

Moral part of the personality / the part that sees the bigger picture and acts on that

Defense Mechanism

used to deal with the internal conflicts with in these 3 ego types

Psychosis

can be used to describe mental illness and can involve hallucinations or delusions.

Hallucinations

false sensory perceptions

Delusions

false beliefs

Anxiety Disorders

disorder that is characterized by the experience of unpleasant tension, distress and avoidance behavior

Panic Attack

abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes

Symptoms of Panic Attack

Palpitations, Sweating, Trembling, Chest pain or discomfort, Nausea or upset stomach or distress, Feeling dizzy or faint, Feeling loss of control or 'going crazy'

Pain Disorder

is a recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having other panic attack between episodes

Phobia disorder

are characterized by irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation

Agoraphobia

fear of being in open, crowded, public places in which escape to the person feels impossible

Social Phobia (Social anxiety disorder)

fear of situation in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny, which could result in possible embarrassment and humiliation

Claustrophobia

fear of closed in places

Acrophobia

fear of heights

Zoophobia

fear of animals

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

involves recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the patient's life. It can get so bad that it interferes with social life and work life

Post-traumatic stress disorder

these symptoms present themselves to exposure to a traumatic event.

Triggers of Post-traumatic stress disorder

Flashbacks that bring up feelings of intense fear of the world, helplessness, nightmares and diminished interaction with the outside world.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Chronic anxiety & exaggerated worry & tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke anxiety feelings.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by one or more episodes alternating with depressive episodes.

Manic Episode

Mood is almost always euphoric, hyper or irritable, grandiose, and not a lot of sleep is needed during this episode.

Depressive Episode

Lethargic, sleeps most of the day, has no energy, is not interested in anything, and may often be teary-eyed (emotionally sad for no reason).

Hypomania

Decreased version of mania (less intense, however still very euphoric).

Bipolar 1

1 or 2 episodes of manic alternate with depressive episodes.

Bipolar 2

Recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomania episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A mild form of bipolar that does not meet the criteria of manic or depressive disorder.

Depressive Disorder

Occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes without manic or hypomanic episodes.

Major Depressive Disorder

Involves many episodes of severe dysphoria which can include sadness, hopelessness, worry with signs/symptoms of fatigue, insomnia & may include inappropriate guilt.

Dysthymia

Persistent depressive disorder over 2 years but not as severe as major depression & no psychotic features occur.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Appearance of depression during winter/fall time.

Dissociative Disorders

A condition involving breakdown in memory, identity or perception.

Anorexia Nervosa

Refusal to maintain a normal body weight; the person has a distorted body image and always sees themselves as too big. in order to maintain control, they control what they eat.

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by self-purging.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Marked by disturbances in cognition or thinking/perception.

Delirium

Acute episodes of confusion, agitation, disorientation caused by withdrawal from alcohol or drugs, head trauma, electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia, hyper or hypoglycemia.

Dementia

Progressive & permanent cognitive change that can lead to forgetting how to perform basic tasks, such as dressing oneself.

Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A group of children disorders characterized by developmental delay with social and communication abilities.

Intellectual Disorder

Mental retardation with low IQ.

Communication Disorder

Difficulty with language, spoken or written; an example is stuttering.

Autistic Disorder

Difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communication in the first 3 years, indicated by resistance to change, little or no eye contact, and uneven fine/gross motor skills.

Asperger Syndrome

A lesser type of autism.

ADHD

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Moto Disorders

Delayed coordination skills, clumsiness or even tics.

Personality disorder

Pattern of thinking and behavior contrary to what is acceptable.

Cluster A of personality disorder

involves paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

Paranoid

Suspicious and thinks people have malice intent.

Schizoid

Detached/cold/aloof/indifferent to feelings and people.

Schizotypal

Acute discomfort in relationships and odd beliefs.

Cluster B of a personality disorder

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Antisocial

Acts only in their desires and impulses with disregard for others.

Borderline

Intense feelings or rejections of other people.

Histrionic

Attention-seeking behavior and anger at the world and oneself.

Narcissistic

Preoccupied with their own success and power.

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Chronic psychosis marked by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech.

symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal moto behavior such as catatonic,

Abnormal motor behavior

Behavior such as catatonia, which involves bizarre rigid posture.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Flat affect and unwillingness to initiate purposeful activity.

Sexual dysfunctions

Disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or experience pleasure.

Substance-related or addictive disorder

Symptoms or behaviors that change associated with the abuse/use or discontinuation of substances affecting the CNS.

Psychological dependence

Taking a drug even though it has adverse effects.

Physiologic dependence

Withdrawal symptoms occur, such as headache and irritability.

Tolerance

Need to take more of the drug to achieve the same effect.

Psychotherapy

The treatment of emotional problems and disorders using psychological techniques.

Family therapy

Therapy involving the whole family.

Group therapy

A mental health professional leads a group to discuss feelings and good interaction choices.

Play Therapy

A child uses toys to deal with issues and conflict.

CBT Cognitive behavioral therapy

thoughts cause behavior and feelings; changing thoughts changes outcomes.

Hypnosis

A trance state to create a sense of well-being.

ECT Electroconvulsive therapy

electrical current is applied to one side of the brain while the patient is under anesthetic. Done for severe depression with no response to drug therapy

Drug Therapy

Medication that can help treat different types of mental illness or symptoms.

Examples of drug therapy

anti-anxiety/anti-panic agents, antidepressants, anti OCD agents, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hypnotics, stimulants