History Final Review

led great Britain (ww2)

winston churchill

failed painter, born in Austria

adolf hitler

led the USA through ww2, and great depression

franklin d roosevelt

italian leader (ww2)

benito mussolini

emperor of japan (ww2)

Hirohito

belief in strength of nation (ww1)

nationalism

competition between Britain and Germany during building battleships (ww1)

naval race (arms race)

alliance between russa, france, and britain

triple entente

alliance between germany, austria-hungary, and italy

triple alliance

started ww1 by assassinating Franz Ferdinand

the black hand

black tuesday

stock market crash

nickname for national socialists german workers party

nazis

name of book that hitler wrote in prison

mein kampf

germany government dragged down by inflation

the weimar republic

know as the man of steel

Joseph Stalin

form of government that takes total control

totalitarianism

where stalin sent his purges to

gulags

stalin rival killed in mexico

leon trotsky

stalin’s secret police

the NKVD

assassination of this arch duke led to ww1

franz ferdinand

rapid firing weapon (ww1)

machine gun

leader of france, nicknamed “the tiger”

georges clemenceau

a note intercepted by the british in ww1

zimmerman note

last czar of russia

czar nicholas II

led the red october revolution

Vladimir Lenin

body which formed the provisional government (advised czar)

the duma

russian mystic and faith healer, worked for the romanov family before he was assassinated

Grigori Rasputin

The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party split into two, which consisted of the Bolsheviks and the…

Mensheviks

lighting war

blitzkreig

leader of communist north vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

first soviet satellite

sputnik

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for League of Nations

the 14 points

code name for the U.S. atomic bomb

the Manhattan project

ww2 battle that brought the U.S. into the war

pearl harbor

major turning point (battle) for eastern front of ww2

stalingrad

battle between the RAF (Royal airforce) and Nazi Germany’s airforce (Luftwaffe)

battle of Britain

naval battle in the pacific, a major turing point

midway

(military campaign) series of land and sea clashes between Allied and Japanese forces around one of the southern Solomon Islands, in the South Pacific

Guadalcanal

created as a counterbalance towards NATO during the late cold war

the warsaw pact

could send missiles across continents

ICBM’s

tried to place missiles in cuba (the cuban missile crisis)

nikita kruschev

gorbachev’s second reform (glasnosts)

perestroika

nationwide protest in Czechoslovakia that saw the end of more than 40 years of communist rule (peaceful end of communism)

the velvet revolution

led chinese economy to victory in 1949

Mao Zedong

U.S. president that bankrupted the USSR

Ronal Reagan

terrorist who fought in Afghanistan and was responsible for the attacks on 9/11

Osama Binladen

saddam hussein began the gulf war by invading this country

kuwait

referred to as “soldiers of god” during the Soviet-Afghan war

the mujahideen

the place where FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met during the early Cold war

yalta

name of operation that carried supplies by plane to the allied sectors of west berlin over a russian blockade the late 1940’s

the berlin airlift

term which Churchill uses to describe the divide between “free” Europe and European territory under soviet control

the iron curtain

U.S. initiative enacted in in 1948 to provide economic aid to western europe (goal was to rebuild western europe and stop spread of communism)

the marshall plan

declared immediate economic and military aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey, under pressure from Soviet expansion (U.S. pledge to free people)

the Truman doctrine

alliance with germany, Japan, and Italy in ww2

axis powers

german general known as the “desert fox”

Erwin Rommel

night of broken glass (holocaust)

the Kristallnacht

american general that led D-Day

Dwight D. Eisenhower

laws that stripped Jews of their citizenship

the Nuremberg laws

period of major mechanization and innovation that began in Britain in the late 1700’s and later spread throughout the world

industrial revolution

farming technique where different crops are planted in the same field in a predetermined sequences, helped improve soil and produce more food

crop rotation

process of transforming an economy from one that is primarily farming based (agrarian) to one that is reliant on industry and manufacturing (machinery)

industrialization

factors of production

land, labor, capital

farming technique that helped produce more food by fencing in fields with allowed farmers to experiment with different crops, helped improve agriculture

enclosure

process of cities growing larger and becoming more populated as people move from rural areas to urban areas

urbanization

group was made up of skilled workers, business people, and professionals

middle class

group was made up of laborers

working class

someone who starts or owns a business (organize, manage, take risks)

entrepreneur

invented flying shuttle for weaving

john kay

4 natural resources that helped Britain industrialize

water power, coal, iron-ore, rivers (included harbors)

mechanical device that used steam and pressure to move, helped with transportation during the industrial rev.

steam engine

created the steam engine in 1712

Thomas Newton

tribe of warriors from southern Africa who made it difficult for the British in their drive for more land

Zulu

chief power source of the industrial revolution

coal

metal created by a process called smelting

iron

document outlined a plan to do away with class differences and economic inequality

communist manifesto

term refers to a powerful nation seeking to dominate a weaker one

imperialism

german philosopher, known for his theories on communism and marxism, co-authored the communist manifesto

karl marx

which of the following is not a motive for imperialism in the 19th century:

economic expansion, political power, nationalism, need for oil, need for new markets, belief in european superiority

need for oil

which of the following was a motive for imperialism in the 19th century:

desire for artistic expression, spread of Christianity, search for freedom, desire to build equal society

spread of Christianity

factory that housed machinery and workers in order to produce goods on a large scale

mill

colony referred to as the jewel in the crown of the British empire

India

indian rebellion of 1857

sepoy mutiny

poem written by Rudyard Kipling in response to the annexation of the Philippines

white man’s burden

area in British India that was off limits to Indians after dark

the raj

country created when the British colony of India partitioned in 1947

Pakistan

germany, austria-hungary, ottoman empire, bulgaria

central powers during WW1

france, britain, russia, italy (was neutral before joining)

allied powers during WW1

germany, italy, japan

the axis powers during WW2

great britain, russia, U.S., china, france

the allied powers during WW2

germany, austra-hungary, italy

triple alliance (before ww1)

russia, france, great britain

triple entente (before WW1)

what let hitler make laws

enabling act of 1933

international organization founded in 1945 with 193 member states. Its main goals are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and promote social progress, better living standards, and human rights

the united nations

an organization of nations formed after World War I to prevent future wars

league of nations

founder of the peoples republic of china and left the chinese communist to victory

mao zedong

president of republic of china, led it

chiang kai-shek