Introduction to I.T. (Pt.2)

Operating system

Software that manages the hardware and creates the interface between the hardware and the user

User Interface

Operating interface that allows a user to interact with the files and software on a computer

Command Line Interface

A user interface that provides users with a prompt to type text commands

Multitask

Ability to allow multiple software processes to run at the same time

Multi user

Operating system's ability to allow more then one user to use the same computer at the same time and at different times

Open source

Used to describe software that is free to users, and for which the source code is made available; users are encouraged to modify

Commercial (closed source)

Used to describe software that is not free to users nor is the source code made available for users to modify.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Contains graphics and icons and is navigated with a mouse

Help system

Collection of stored files on your hard disk as well as information retrieved from the Internet.

Safe mode

Special mode in which only the necessary drivers and software load

System Restore

Provides users either a way to go back to previous settings

Task manager

Operating system component that enables the user to view running task and processes.

Application Software

Software that provides user with ability to accomplish a goal or purpose

Productivity software

Software that allows people to complete daily work; typically utilized in business or organizational settings

Programming software

software whose purpose is to make more software

Utility software

Software that allows you to fix or modify your computer in some way

File extension

A suffix, typically two to four characters long, identifying the file type and used by the operating system to determine how the file should be handled.

File Type

The ending of a file that gives the operating system the ability to identify it, provides the structure of a document and tells a software application how to display it, commonly referred to as file format.

Data type

A classification of the type of data that a field will hold

Foreign key

A field (or group of fields) in one table that uniquely identifies a row (or record) of another table.

Primary key

unique identifier for each record in the table

Foreign File Type

file format that differs from the native format of an application

What are the 3 components of information system

Hardware, software, data

Database

an organized collection of related information

Field

A fundamental element of record; contains one unique piece of information about the record

Flat file database

Simple type of database that, at its core, contains a single table of information

qualitative data

data that is descriptive

Quantitative data

Numeric data that is the result of a measurement, count, or some other mathematical calculation

Record

An entry in a database that contains all the data about one instance of a particular person, company, or item

relational database

A database in which all the tables are related by one or more fields

Table

A collection of related data

Data type

Big data

Process of handling and analyzing evolving data

business analytics

Used to describe the use of internal company data to improve business processes and practices

Business intelligence

Used to describe the process that organizations use to take data they are collecting and analyze it

Data mart

A small data warehouse used to solve specific business problems

data mining

Process of analyzing data to find trends, patterns, and associations in order to make decisions

Data warehouse

A database used by large businesses and organizations for the purpose of collecting and analyzing dates related in the business