Biological Macromolecules and Functional Groups

Flashcards covering key biological molecules, functional groups, and chemical bonds based on lecture notes.

What type of lipid is composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid chains?

Triglyceride

What specific type of bond links the glycerol backbone to fatty acids in a triglyceride?

Ester bond

What molecule is formed when two amino acids are joined together?

Dipeptide

What type of covalent bond connects two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide such as sucrose?

Glycosidic bond

Which component of an amino acid structure varies between different amino acids and gives each its distinct properties?

R group (side chain)

What organic monomer consists of an amino group ($H_2N$), a carboxyl group ($COOH$), a central carbon, and a side group?

Amino acid

What is the chemical formula for glycerol?

$$C_3H_8O_3$$

What type of fatty acid contains a single double bond in its hydrocarbon tail?

Mono unsaturated fat (monounsaturated fatty acid)

What lipid molecule consists of a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails?

Phospholipid

What functional group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to oxygen atoms?

Phosphate group

What ring-shaped component of a nucleotide contains nitrogen, such as adenine?

Nitrogen base (nitrogenous base)

What general term refers to a single simple sugar unit like glucose?

Monosaccharide

What energy-transferring molecule consists of a nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups?

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

What complex carbohydrate is composed of a long chain of repeating monosaccharide units?

Polysaccharide

Sucrose is an example of what class of carbohydrate composed of two linked monosaccharides?

Disaccharide