Nucleic Acids and ATP

Vocabulary flashcards detailing nucleotides, DNA, RNA, ATP structure, and the phases of cellular respiration based on Anatomy & Physiology notes.

Nucleotide

The monomer of nucleic acids,

Pentose sugar

deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.

Nitrogenous Bases

• adenine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

• forms the genetic code

• regulates most cell activities

• Double stranded

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

• guides protein formation

• Single stranded

Nitrogenous base in DNA

thymine (T).

Nitrogenous bases in RNA

uracil (U).

DNA base pairing

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T)

Sugar in nucleotides (DNA)

Deoxyribose

Sugar in nucleotides (RNA)

Ribose

RNA base pairing

Adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U)

Types of DNA

Nuclear and mitochondrial.

Types of RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA.

How is DNA copied

Self-replicating

How is RNA copied

Uses DNA as reference

DNA function

Encodes information to make proteins

RNA function

Carries the genetic code, and assists in making proteins

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

The principal energy-providing molecule in the body.

Phosphates

B/c they are negativley charged the repel one another

Cellular respiration

The process in which glucose is catabolized, releasing energy to remove phosphate to form ADP.

Anaerobic

glucose is partially broken down into pyruvic acid, yielding 2 ATP.

Aerobic

glucose is broken down into $CO_2$ and $H_2O$, yielding 30-32 ATP.