Orbit and Ocular Region

Flashcards covering the anatomy of the orbit, eyeball, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of the ocular region.

What are the four walls of the orbit?

Roof, Lateral wall, Floor, Medial wall

What bones form the roof of the orbit?

Orbital part of the frontal bone; Lesser wing of the sphenoid

Which bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone; Greater wing of the sphenoid

What bones form the floor of the orbit?

Upper surface of the body of the maxilla (orbital surface); Orbital plate of the palatine bone

What bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

Frontal process of the maxilla; Lacrimal bone; Orbital plate of the ethmoidal laberynth; Body of the sphenoid

Name the structures that pass through the Optic Canal.

Optic Nerve (II)

What nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Oculomotor (III) and Trochlear (IV) nerves; Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal nerve (V) and opthalmic vein

What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

Maxillary branch of the Trigeminal nerve (V)

What are the contents of the orbit?

Eyeball and Optic nerve, Extraocular muscles, Vessels and nerves

Into what three parts can the eyeball be divided?

Fibrous, vascular, and inner layers

What structures make up the fibrous layer of the eyeball?

Sclera and Cornea

What structures make up the vascular layer of the eyeball?

Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris

What structure makes up the inner layer of the eyeball?

Retina

Name the Recti muscles of the eye.

Inferior, superior, medial, lateral

Besides the Recti muscles, what other muscles are located in the eye?

Superior Oblique, Inferior Oblique, Levator palpebrae superioris

What is the function of the eyelids?

Protect the eye

What muscles move the upper eyelid?

Levator palpebrae superioris and the orbicularis oculi muscle

What are the components of the eyelids?

Tarsal plate covered by skin, Tarsal glands, Conjunctiva, Eyelashes

What is the conjunctiva?

Transparent membrane that covers anterior aspect of the sclera

Name the parts of the lacrimal apparatus.

Lacrimal Gland, Lacrimal Sac

What are the two portions of the lacrimal gland?

Orbital portion (large), Palpebral portion (small)

Name the nerves of the ocular region.

Optic nerve (II), Oculo motor nerve (III), Trochlear nerve (IV), Abducent nerve (VI), and Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal (V)

What are the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve (V)?

Lacrimal, Frontal, and Nasociliary

What is an example of the optic nerve (II)?

Eye

What muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (III)?

Superior, medial and inferior recti muscles, Levator palpebrae superioris muscle, Inferior Oblique muscle

What muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve (IV)?

Superior oblique muscle

What muscle is innervated by the abducent nerve (VI)?

Lateral rectus muscle

What does the lacrimal nerve innervate?

Lacrimal gland, Skin of the lateral part of the eyelid, Much of the conjunctiva

Where does the frontal nerve innervate?

Forehead and frontal sinus

Name some of the areas the nasociliary nerve innervates.

Nose and nasal cavity, Lacrimal sac and nearby conjunctiva, Iris

What innervates the iris?

Parasympathetic fibers of the ciliary ganglion

Name the blood vessels of the ocular region.

Ophthalmic Artery, Ophthalmic Veins