bio 1500 final

Ernst Mayr developed the "biological species concept".

A. True
B. False

A. True

E.O. Wilson is famous for his studies of beetles.

A. True
B. False

B. False

It was ants.

The largest number of species has so far been reported from \__________.

A. Venus
B. Mars
C. Planet Earth

C. Planet Earth

The term "biodiversity" has been introduced to the scientific literature closest to \_______ years ago.

A. 4
B. 40
C. 400

B. 40

Dimensions of biodiversity include \______.

A. ecological relationships
B. morphology
C. behavior
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Genetics is important for understanding the scope and origin of biodiversity.

A. True
B. False

A. True

The word species is related to the Latin verb "spectare" which means to \_______.

A. feel
B. hear
C. see

C. see

Testing for reproductive isolation is part of the \_________ concept.

A. biological species
B. quasispecies
C. phylogenetic
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

A. biological species

The biodiversity of viruses is studied using the \________ concept.

A. biological species
B. quasispecies
C. morphospeccies

B. quasispecies

The DNA barcode species concept uses the \________ divergence of a \_________ gene.

A. morphological / nuclear
B. morphological / mitochondrial
C. sequence / nuclear
D. sequence / mitochondrial

D. sequence / mitochondrial

The concept of "descent with modification" was developed by E.O. Wilson.

A. True
B. False

B. False

It was Darwin.

Charles Darwin is also known as the "father of modern taxonomy".

A. True
B. False

B. False

It was Carl Linnaeus.

The introduction of "binomial nomenclature" made species names \__________.

A. shorter
B. generally of the same length
c. longer

A. shorter

In the species name "Homo sapiens", Homo stands for the \_______ while "sapiens" stands for the \________.

A. species / order
B. genus / order
D. genus / species

D. genus / species

The largest order of insects are the \_________.
A. Lepidoptera
B. Hymenoptera
C. Coleoptera

C. Coleoptera

Ants represent the insect family \_________ and are part of the insect order \__________.

A. Formicidae / Coleoptera
B. Formicidae / Hymenoptera
C. Apidae / Coleoptera
D. Apidae / Hymenoptera

B. Formicidae / Hymenoptera

In phylogenetic systematics, LCA stands for \____________ Common Ancestor.

A. longest
B. loudest
C. last
D. latest

C. last

"Natural groups" understood by Linnee correspond to \________ clades in modern biology.

A. monophyletic
B. paraphyletic
C. polyphyletic

A. monophyletic

Evidence for the phylogenetic relatedness of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, i.e. the existence of the "tree of life", is, among other things, presented in the form of the \_____.

A. structure of ribosomes
B. function of ribosomes
C. sequence similarities of ribosomal RNAs
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Based on the first phylogenetic tree he drew, Darwin considered the species of finches he collected at the Galapagos islands members of a \______ taxon.

A. monophyletic
B. paraphyletic
C. polyphyletic

A. monophyletic

Bacteria are monophyletic.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Archaea are monophyletic.

A. True
B. False

B. False

They are paraphyletic.

Closest to \______ % of human genes date back to the last common ancestor of humans and bacteria.

A. 0.4
B. 4
C. 40

C. 40

Closest to \______ % of the human genome sequence have been contributed by \________ .

A. 4 / viruses
B. 4 / bacteria
C. 40 / viruses
D. 40 / bacteria

C. 40 / viruses

Viruses can have \_______ genomes.

A. double stranded DNA
B. single stranded RNA
C. double stranded RNA
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Escherichia coli is part of \___________.

A. Thermophiles
B. Proteobacteria
C. Cyanobacteria
D. Archaea

B. Proteobacteria

Escherichia coli is equipped with \__________.

A. cell wall
B. plasma membrane
C. circular genome
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Gram+ bacteria are \________ and characterized by a \________ cell wall.

A. polyphyletic / thick
B. polyphyletic / thinn
C. monophyletic / thick
D. monophyletic / thinn

C. monophyletic / thick

Which of the horizontal gene transfer mechanisms involves both phages AND bacteria?

A. transformation
B. conjugation
C. transduction

C. transduction

The microbiome of a cow includes \_______.

A. bacteria
B. archaea
C. viruses
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

"Protists" are not monophyletic.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.

A. True
B. False

B. False

A single cell in the human liver can contain up to closest to \__________ mitochondria.

A. 2
B. 20
C. 200
D. 2000

D. 2000

\__________ are characterized by the possession of a biomineral shell.

A. Ciliates
B. Radiolaria
C. Plasmodia

B. Radiolaria

Eukaryotes differ from bacteria by the the possession of \__________.

A. mitochondria
B. linear chromosomes
C. an actin-based cytoskeleton
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Chloroplasts represent endosymbiotic \_________.

A. proteobacteria
B. extremophiles
C. cyanobacteria

C. cyanobacteria

Fungi are a \_______ clade.

A. monophyletic
B. paraphyletic
C. polyphyletic

A. monophyletic

Fungal species can be \________.

A. unicellular
B. multicellular
C. all of the above

C. all of the above

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is part of the \_________.

A. Ascomycota
B. Basidiomycota
C. Oomycetes

A. Ascomycota

A yeast cell with 2 bud scars completed how many cell divisions?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

C. 2

Ferns are polyphyletic.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Algae are polyphyletic.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Bryophytes are \_________.

A. monophyletic
B. paraphyletic
c. polyphyletic

B. paraphyletic

The gametophytes of mosses grow \________ compared to those of ferns.
A. taller
B. no differently
C. smaller

A. taller

The sporophytes of mosses grow \________ compared to those of ferns.

A. taller
B. no differently
C. smaller

C. smaller

Brown algae acquired chloroplasts from \______.

A. red algae
B. green algae
C. cyanobacteria

A. red algae

Land plants engage in important interactions with \_______.

A. fungi
B. bacteria
C. animals
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

In mosses, \________ gametophytes produce sporophyte structures.

A. only male
B. only female
C. both male and female

B. only female

The sperm gametes of \________ are equipped with flagella and mobile.

A. mosses
B. liverworts
C. ferns
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Club mosses are characterized by \________ leaves.

A. multi-branched
B. multi-veined
C. large surface
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

E. none of the above

Club mosses possess:
True roots, Leaves: Lyco- or microphylls (one vein per leaf), stems, and underground horizontal stems called rhizomes.

Gingko trees represent the \______ gymnosperm phylum in number of species.

A. largest
B. smallest

B. smallest

The oldest land plant species like mosses grow generally \_________ than most species of seed plants.

A. smaller
B. taller

A. smaller

The Coniferophyta include the \__________ known plant species.

A. oldest
B. tallest
C. heaviest
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Animal stem cells correspond to plant \_________ cells.

A. epidermal
B. trichome
C. meristem
D. none of the above

C. meristem

Key structures of plant seeds includes \_________.

A. an embryo
B. a protective coat layer
C. endosperm
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

The dermal tissue of plants includes \____________.

A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. guard cells
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

C. guard cells

Most mutations in the coding region of a gene are \_______.

A. deleterious
B. beneficial

A. deleterious

The large multicellular body plans of animals and vascular plants are formed by \_______ cells.

A. haploid
B. diploid
C. triploid

B. diploid

Pollen is final product of \_______ spore development in \_______ cones of coniferophytes.

A. micro / male
B. micro / female
C. macro / male
D. macro / female

A. micro / male

Cotyledons are \_____ leaves that support \_______ growth.

A. primary / embryonic
B. primary / postembryonic
C. secondary / embryonic
D. secondary / postembryonic

B. primary / postembryonic

Angiosperms include species with dry fruits and species with fleshy fruits.

A. True
B. False

A. True

The proximity of anthers and stigma in most angiosperm flowers increases the chance of self-fertilization.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Angiosperm diversification produced closest to \________ known species today.

A. 300
B. 3,000
C. 30,000
D. 300,000

D. 300,000

Angiosperm diversification involved closest to \______ whole-genome duplication events.

A. 2
B. 20
C. 200

B. 20

The earliest flowers of angiosperms were \_________ symmetric.

A. radially
B. unilaterally
C. bilaterally

A. radially

The male reproductive organs of angiosperm flowers includes \__________.

A. ovary
B. stigma
C. ovules
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

E. none of the above

Filament, anther \= stamen

The outermost protective layer of angiosperm fruits is formed by the \__________.

A. exoocarp
B. mesocarp
C. endocarp

A. exoocarp

Most angiosperm flowers develop from \_______ whorls.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

D. 4

The peanut is a \_________ which ripens in the \_________.

A. fleshy / air
B. fleshy / soil
C. dry / air
D. dry / soil

D. dry / soil

The least modified part of a regular angiosperm flower are the \______.

A. stamens
B. carpels
C. petals
D. sepals

D. sepals

Pollinators include both insect and vertebrate animal species.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Fungus roots are formed by species in the large clade of Ascomycota fungi.

A. True
B. False

B. False

Fungus roots are mostly formed by Mucoromycota (which are a small, polyphyletic clade).

Lichens can include species of \__________.

A. Cyanobacteria
b. fungi
C. algae
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Fungus farming of leaf cutter ants involves interactions between species of \__________.

A. insects
B. plants
C. fungi
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

\________ introduced the science of ecology while \_______ discovered the concept of symbiosis.

A. Anton de Bary / Alexander von Humboldt
B. Alexander von Humboldt / Anton de Bary

B. Alexander von Humboldt / Anton de Bary

\_________ mycorrhizae penetrate root plant cell walls while \________ mycorrhizae do not.

A. Arbuscular / Ecto\___
B. Ecto\___ / Arbuscular

A. Arbuscular / Ecto\___

The much larger number of terrestrial vs marine animal species is due to the abundance of \__________.

A. mice
B. mammals
C. birds
D. insects

D. insects

The larger number of terrestrial vs aquatic plant species is due to the abundance of \________.

A. mosses
B. ferns
C. gymnosperms
D. angiosperms

D. angiosperms

Carnivorous plants represent examples of \________.

A. heterotrophy
B. autotrophy
C. monotrophy

A. heterotrophy

Flowers can utilize \________ to attract insect pollinators.

A. mimicry
B. sound
C. email
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

A. mimicry

There are more marine species of animals than of plants.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Poison ivy can be recognized by the presence of units formed by \__________ pointy leaves.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

C. 3

Poison ivy deters by the production of \____________.

A. nicotin
B. campher
C. urushiol
D. none of the above

C. urushiol

The hypersensitive response of plants triggered by pathogen infection leads to localized cell death.

A. True
B. False

A. True

Closest to \______ % of the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana consists of transposons due to \_________.

A. 1 / horizontal gene transfer
B. 1 / vertical gene transfer
C. 15 / vertical gene transfer
D. 15 / horizontal gene transfer

D. 15 / horizontal gene transfer

Apple seeds are poisonous because they contain \_________.

A. nicotin
B. campher
C. cyanogenic glycosides
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

C. cyanogenic glycosides

The taxon most closely related to animals are the \__________.

A. fungi
B. plants
C. Choanoflagellata
D. Ichthyosporea

C. Choanoflagellata

In sponges, the cell type most similar to chaonoflagellata are the \__________ cells.

A. pore
B. oocyte
C. epidermal
D. none of the above

D. none of the above

collar cells

Sponge diversification included closest to \________ ecological transitions.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 20

B. 2

Sponges reproduce \_______ by developing through a \_______ stage.

A. asexually / adult
B. asexually / larval
C. sexually / adult
D. sexually / larval

D. sexually / larval

Acoel flatworms represent an older bilaterian phylum than platyhelminth flatworms.

A. True
B. False

A. True

The phylum Cnidaria has been named in reference to its unique germ cells.

A. True
B. False

B. False

For the possession of cnidocytes.

Cnidaria and vertebrates possess a \_____ nervous system.

A. enteric
B. peripheral
C. central
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Neuronal cells are characterized by \______.

A. a nematocyst
B. dendrites
C. secretion of digestive enzymes
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

B. dendrites

\_________ can undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction.

A. Cnidaria
B. Platyhelminths
C. Acoel flatworms
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Bilateral animals are characterized by \______ body axes.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

C. 3

Free-living platyhelminth flatworms possess \____ types of muscle cells.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

C. 3

Acoel flatworms digest food particles in \_________.

A. a gastric cavity
B. a digestive system with two openings
C. in the digestive vacuoles of a syncytium
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

C. in the digestive vacuoles of a syncytium

The largest number of platyhelminth flatworms are \__________ species.

A. marine
B. freshwater
C. parasitic

C. parasitic

Members of the animal superphylum Nephrozoa differ from Cnidaria and Acoels by the possession of a \_________ organ system.

A. muscular
B. digestive
C. excretory
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

C. excretory