Respiratory system

What is the function of the respiratory system?

O2 and Co2 exchange in cells to make ATP, which gets rids of excess Co2 from cells to the lungs, then back out to the air

what is barometric pressure?

measuring the amount of mercury in the displaced air.

**What is the pressure at sea level?

7760 mmHg

How much gas is in the air?

27% oxygen, less than 1% Co2, mostly nitrogen

**What is total pressure?

The total amount of partial pressure gases in the air

P N + P O + P CO2 = Total Pressure

**How to finish partial pressure? Example of oxygen:

partial pressure % x total pressure

P O .21 (amount in the air) × 760 = 159 mmHg

**What is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?

105 mmHg in the alveoli

**What is partial pressure of Co2 in alveoli?

40 mmHg

What is nitrogen narcosis?

Like being drunk

Happens to divers

What are the affects of altitude?

Oxygen doesn’t change, but total pressure does. The higher in altitude, the less oxygen, less blood flow, can lead to death (mountain climbing)

Below sea level, pressure increases, and nitrogen is forced into the blood. Coming to sea level too fast can result in nitrogen bubbles in cells and tissues.

Oxygen transport:

Oxyfen is not very solube into blood, so it binds to hemoglobin and gets unloaded inside of cell, into mitochondria, making ATP

**Factors that favor unloading: oxygen leaving hemoglobin

1. Low pH

2. Increase of Co2

3. Increase in temperature

4. High BPG

What happens when H ions increase?

pH goes down, making it more acidic

**Carbon Dioxide transport:

Its taken from the cells, into lungs, exhaled. Its more soulble in blood.

10% of Co2 dissolved in blood plasma

20% bound to non-iron hemoglobin

Carbonic anhydrase converts Co2 into H2Co3

70% Co2 dissolves into blood as bicarbonate

**What is alkalosis?

a pH higher than 7.45

2 types

• respiratory alkalosis

• metabolic alkalosis

  • caused by low acid levels, too much bicarbonate

**What is acidosis?

pH lower than 7.35

2 types:

• respiratory acidosis

• metabolic acidosis

  • too much acid in blood, excess bicarbonate

Do breath faster or slower when trying to remove H out?

Faster

when does breathing increase?

• Rise of Co2,

• decrease of H

• decrease of O2