1st Crusader states and second crusade

March 1098

March 1098

Baldwin of Boulogne takes control of Edessa, first crusader state is formed

3 June 1098

Crusaders capture Antioch- second crusader state

15 July 1099

Jerusalem captured

12 August 1099

Battle of Ascalon, however due to internal rivalry between Godfrey and Raymond, fail to capture city

Will not be captured until reign of Baldwin III-- menacing bc can be used by Fatimids to attack Jeruslaem

Septemebr 1099

Kingdom of Jerusalem created, Baldwin of Edessa becomes king Baldwin I (after godfrey briefly until 1100)

1100

Godfrey I dies- v uneventful reign Baldwin of Edessa comes to rule Jerusalem- defeats Damscan army on route - Bohemond is still prisoner until 1103 and Tancred takes his place

17 May 1101

Caesarea is captured by Crusaders

26 May 1104

Acre captured by crusaders

1101 Crusade

Duke Welf IV and Duke William IX of Aquitaine made some contributions to the survival and consolidation of the crusader states

Battle of Harran, 1104

Town to southwest of Edessa, Franks (Baldwin II and Bohemond) defeated by Seljuk Turks Proves that muslims can be threat if united, Armenian christians look to Byzantines for protection Strains relationship between Franks and Byzantines

1105-1107

Bohemond tours to Europe launches attack on Byzantium.. increases tensions failure

1110

Crusade of King Sigurd of Norway helped fledgling crusade kingdom, capture dport at Sidon in December 1110 Captures Tyre???? not sure

c. 1119

foundation of Knights Templar

Battle of the Field of Blood

28 June 1119 First crisis that Baldwin II deals with (Baldwin I dies in 1118) Frankish over expansion provokes counter attack from Aleppo, ROger of Antioch and 700 kinghts, 3000 footsoliders killed Baldwin has to march north and secure Antioch

January 1120

Council of Nablus

Baldwin II 1118-1131

Baldwin I dies on return from campaign in Egypt. Baldwin II had 4 daughters, marries eldest to Fulk

May 1129

Arrival of Fulk to marry melisende

Baldwin II success

• securing Antioch

• military necessity - led 9 campaigns

• founds ish* the knights templars

Fulk and Melisende- 1131

Controversy over Hugh of Jaffa - Melisende forced to marry Fulk, court divided over support between two men. Tension over Fulk promoting his own men above levantish nobility Fulk dies 1143

submission of Raymond of Antioch

Emperor John gathers army and starts to take back land in Armenia, 1137, uses siege engines on walls outside antioch and gets Raymond to promise fiefdom

ZENGI

Governor of Mosul from 1127 Married Ridwans daughter and took control of Aleppo, combined Mosul and Aleppo Launches attack on nearby town to Antioch-- threat to Aleppo Complete victory, Entire career focused on capture of Damascus

24 December 1144

Zengi captures Edessa Most northernly Crusader state and acts as buffer, soaking up Muslim attacks.... Now buffer was Antioch Zengi knows that Raymond II and Joscelin have fallen out, attacks edessa and rebuilds walls in prepartion for counter attack

1146

Counter attack of Edessa led from within however fails, cannot capture citadel and Nurredin summons Aleppan army to relieve -- plunder the city as punishment for revolt Edessa finally lost

1 december 1145

Papal Bull, Quantum Praededessores- call to crusade Pope Eugenius composes to appeal to wide audience incredibly successful includes crusade to IP, Balkans

Louis VII

'more a monk than a man' groomed for church inexperienced politically, in conflict with count of champagne, invades and war lasts 2 years personally attacks town of Vitry and burns down church with over 1000 refuge seekers inside France under interdict

Vézelay 31 March 1146

Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the launch of second crusade, overwhelming positive response

Xmas 1146,

Conrad III also joins second crusade as Bernard organises the joining of his enemies too

September- October 1147

Crusader armies arrive in Constantinople. Will set off separately

25 October 1147

At Dorylaeum a force of Muslim Seljuk Turks attacks an army led by Conrad III during the Second crusade

Dec 1147

Army led by Louis defeats Seljuk army in Asia Minor

7 January 1148

Louis is deated at Mt Cadmus

March 1148

Meets Raymond II at Antioch Raymond wants to use Louis's army to strengthen his control in Northern Syria and Antioch... Raymond held Antioch for Manuel, and if he could get Aleppo without Manuel's help he would be in a strong position (Antioch handed back if Aleppo taken)

Council of Acre, Palmarea.

24 June 1148 decision taken to attack Damascus

Late July 1148

siege of Damascus-- failure