ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder Lecture Review

Practice questions covering ADHD diagnosis, symptoms, and treatments, alongside care strategies and education for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

What is the current diagnostic term for what was previously known as ADD?

ADHD, inattentive type

Who is typically the first to identify ADHD in a child?

Teachers

What are the primary symptoms of a child diagnosed with ADHD?

Inability to pay attention, hyperactivity, and failure to finish tasks or stay focused.

Which part of the brain is underdeveloped in individuals with ADHD?

A section of the frontal lobe

What behaviors may result from an underdeveloped frontal lobe in ADHD patients?

Poor planning, distractibility, impulsivity, and forgetfulness.

What are two specific stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?

D-amphetamine and methylphenidate

What specific side effects should be monitored in children taking D-amphetamine or methylphenidate?

Increased BP (blood pressure), HR (heart rate), weight loss, and insomnia.

When should ADHD medication be administered to a child to minimize side effects?

Give the drug after eating in the morning and do not give it after $6\,\text{pm}$ to avoid insomnia.

What should caregivers be told regarding the expected results of ADHD medication?

That the child will not become a genius, but they will be able to complete tasks.

What must be monitored during the treatment of a child with ADHD stimulants?

Developmental milestones

What is the functionality range for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

They can be fully functional, not functional at all, or anywhere in between.

Why should patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder be assigned the same nurse?

Because these patients do not like change.

What environment is best for a patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a clinical setting?

A single room away from the noisy nurse station because they do not like stimuli.

What educational point should be clarified with caregivers regarding the etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

That autism is not due to vaccinations.