Nutritional Science Summative

Functions of Nutrients

• buildings molecules/structures

• produces cellular energy

• helps metabolism

• supports immune system

• rebuilds/builds tissues

Pituitary gland

Master gland of the endocrine system

Digestive Tract

a long tube composed of several organs that connects the mouth to the annus

White blood cells

Part of Immune System: attacks bacteria and germs

Lymph Nodes

Part of Immune System: filters waste products from drained fluids from tissues and lymph cells

Thymus

Part of Immune System: developes mature T-cells

Antibodies

Part of Immune System: neutralizes foreign substances

Bone marrow

Part of Immune System: produces blood cells

Skin

Part of Immune System: physical barrier preventing germs and substances from entering the body

Functions of water

• Regulates body temperature

• Moistens tissues of eyes, nose and mouth

• Protects body organs and tissues

• Carries nutrients and oxygens throughout the body and to cells

• Help the kidney flush out wastes and toxins

• Metabolizes body fat

• Helps digestion

• Protects and cushions joints

Factors of calorie usage

• Age

• Gender

• Physical activity level

• Diet

• environment

• illnesses

• body size

• water intake

Metabolism

Thyroid glands help to secrete hormones that increase the rate of ________throughout the body. 

Balanced diet

Has a variety of foods that provides all necessary nutrients for proper body function

5 food groups

Grains, fruits, vegeatbles, proteins, dairy

3 ares of dietary focus

Variety, nutrient density, amount

Mouth

Digestive System: breaking down food into smaller chunks, saliva kickstarts the digestion and breaking down starches

Esophagus

Digestive system: transports food from mouth to stomach

Stomach

Digestive system: digests and breaks down food with acid

Small intestine

Digestive system: majority of breaking down foods and nutrient absorbation, include:

• duodenum

• jejunum

• ileum

Large intestine

Digestive system: takes water from remaining of indigestable food and transmits waste from the body

Simple Carbs

• Made up of monosacchrides or disacchrides

• Energy sources/creates ATP

• Sourced from fruits, vegetables, sugar, milk

Complex carbs

• Made up of polysaccharides

• Energy production

• Found in bread, pasta, rice

Dietary Fiber

• Made of polysaccharides

• Bulks the stool

• Helps bowel movements

• Found in plants

Saturated fats

• Made up of glycerol, three staurated fatty acid chains

• No double bonds

• Stores energy

• Hormone production

• Makes up cellular membrane

• helps muscle movement

• found in animal products

Unsaturated fats

• Made up of glycerol, three staurated fatty acid chains

• At least one double bond

• Stores energy

• Hormone production

• Makes up cellular membrane

• helps muscle movement

• found in plants

Proteins

• Made of amino acids

• Provides structural support

• stores nutrients

• rebuilds tissues

• creates hormones/enzymes

• Found in meat, eggs, beans