Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx

functions of oral cavity

inlet for digestive system, flexible chamber for manipulating sounds of speech, alternate airway for respiration

boundaries of oral cavity

lateral walls - cheeks

roof - hard and soft palate

floor - tongue and muscular diaphragm

posterior wall - pharynx

oral vestibule

space between the cheek and teeth

oral cavity proper

space enclosed by dental arches

how many teeth do we have

20 in children and 32 in adults

where are all the neurovascular structures located in a tooth

pulp cavity

root canal

transmits nerve and vessels to the pulp cavity

what nerve innervates the upper teeth and gums

branches of V2 - superior alveolar, greater palatine, and nasopalatine nerve

what nerve innervates the lower teeth and gums

branches of V3 - inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and mental nerves

hard palate

separates oral cavity from nasal cavity, contains 3 foramina (incisive fossa, greater palatine, and lesser palatine)

soft palate

separates oral cavity from pharynx and acts as a valve to open/close off nasal and oral cavities

palatoglossal arch

connects soft palate to tongue

palatopharyngeal arch

connects soft palate to pharynx

what resides between the arches of the soft palate

palatine tonsils

palatoglossus

lifts the tongue up and draws the soft palate down, innervated by vagus nerve

palatopharyngeus

lifts the pharynx up and draws soft palate down, innervated by vagus nerve

what nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve

tensor veli palatini

pulls on the sides of the soft palate to open pharyngotympanic tube when swallowing and yawinging, innervated by V3

levator veli palatini

lifts the soft palate, innervated by CN X

musculus uvulae

elevates the uvula, innervated by CN X

what muscles form the muscular diaphragm of the mouth

geniohyoid and mylohyoid

terminal sulcus of tongue

V-shaped line separating the body from the root

types of papillae on the tongue

fungiform, filiform. vallate, foliate

frenulum

connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth, contains openings of ducts from submandibular glands

what nerve innervates the intrinsic tongue muscles

CN XII - hypoglossal

what nerves provide taste

anterior 2/3 of tongue = chorda tympani (CN XII)

poster 1/3 of tongue - hypoglossal

General senstation of tongue

anterior 2/3 of tongue - lingual nerve

posterior 1/3 of tongue - hypoglossal

function of salivary glands

keep muccous membranes moist and begin digestion of starches

what are the 3 salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublinguinal

what nerve innervates the parotid glands

glossopharyngeal nerve at the otic ganglion

what nerve innervates the submandibular glands

chorda tympani at the submandibular ganglion

what nerve innervates the sublingual gland

chorda tympani

pharynx

links oral and nasal cavities to larynx and esophagus, shared passageway for food and air

nasopharynx

above soft palate

oropharynx

posterior to oral cavity

laryngopharynx

posterior to larynx

what muscles move food through the pharynx into the esophagus

constrictor muscles (superior, middle, inferior)

motor innervation of pharynx

vagus nerve

sensory innervation of pharynx

naso - maxillary nerve

oro - glossopharyngeal nerve

laryngo - vagus nerve

function of larynx

mechanism for voice production and valve to close off lower respiratory tract

what forms the laryngela prominence (adams apple)

thyroid cartilage

what are the vocal processes made out of

arytenoid cartilage

epiglottis

laryngeal cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing

vocal ligaments

true vocal cords, produce sound, attached to vocal processes to thyroid lamina

vestibular ligaments

false vocal cords, provide protection, above vocal ligaments

what changes the tension in vocal ligaments

motions of cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints

what produces sound

air passing through the rima glottidis

what are the phases of swallowing

oral, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase

oral phase of swallowing

under voluntary control, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food begins, tongue moves food toward the pharynx

pharyngeal phase of swallowing

involuntary reflex control, breathing stops, hyoid moves up and epiglottis closes, upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, pharynx constricts moving food into esophagus

esophageal phase of breathing

involuntary control, breathing restored, upper esophageal sphincter closes, peristalsis propel food down esophagus

cricothyrotomy

tube inserted through cricothyroid membrane, temporary measure

tracheotomy

tube inserted between tracheal rings 2-4, long term use