RIZAL

Rizal Law aims:

Rededicate youth to freedom and nationalism, Honor national heroes, Inspire patriotism

Main Proponent of the Rizal Bill

Claro M. Recto

Co-Wrote the Rizal Bill

Jose P. Laurel

Directed the full implementation of the Rizal Bill

Fidel V. Ramos

The bill enacted on

June 12, 1956

Rizal Bill became

R.A 1425 known as the “Rizal Law”

Similar law that concerns the national hero

R.A 229

Rizal Law full name

"An act to include of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, Particularly his novels Noli me tangere, and El filibusterismo, authorizing printing and distribution thereof and for other purposes"

Importance of Studying Rizal

1 The subject provides insights into how to deal with current problems

2 It helps us understand better ourselves as Filipinos

3 It teaches nationalism and patriotism

4 It provides various essential life lessons

5 It helps in developing logical and critical thinking

6 Rizal can serve as a worthwhile model and inspiration to every Filipino

7 The subject is a rich source of entertaining narratives

"Galleon Trade"

the Manila-Acapulco Trade, popularly known as

Andres de Urdaneta

discovered the return route across the Pacific, making transpacific trade possible.

Miguel López de Legazpi

led the first successful expedition to colonize the Philippines

September 14. 1815

The Galleon Trade ended with Mexico's war of independence

Suez Canal

An artifical sea-level waterway.

Red Sea

Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the

Suez Canal Company

The Suez Canal was constructed by the

1859 and 1869

The Suez Canal was constructed between

Ferdinand de Lesseps

The Suez Canal was constructed under the leadership of French diplomat

November 17, 1869

The Suez Canal was officially opened on

32 to 40 Days

With the Suez Canal, the voyage was lessened to only

1820 and 1870

Between ___ and ___, the Philippines was well on its way of developing an export crop economy

Monopoly contracting

Another main source of wealth during the post-galleon era

After 1850

Government monopoly contracts for the collection of different revenues were opened to foreigners

Opium monopoly

Profitable monopoly

1840's

The Spanish government legalized the use of opium

Chinese

The majority of contracts in the monopoly were held by the

Tobacco monopoly

Monopoly systems' Most controversial and oppressive to locals

Governor General Jose Basco

Governor General who placed the Philippine tobacco industry under government control

March 1, 1782

When the Philippine tobacco industry placed under government control

1882

The tobacco monopoly was finally abolished in

education, the rise of Chinese Mestizo, and the rise of the inquilinos

The social picture of the 19th Century Philippines that are needed to be discussed

Catholic missionaries

Schools were established and run by

obedient

Schools aim to convert the natives to the Catholic faith and make them

colonial government and the Catholic church

They made religion a compulsory subject at all levels

Leyes de Indias

Laws of the Indies

Less than one-fifth

who went to school could read and write Spanish

Parochial schools

First formal schools

Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominicans

Parochial schools that opened their parishes

Latin, geography, mathematics, and philosophy

Subjects taught to college students

17th Century

University education was opened in the country during the early part of the

Spaniards, and thos with Spanish blood (mestizos)

Colleges and universities were open initially to the

19th Century

Universities started accepting native Filipinos

1863

Royal decree called for the establishment of a public school system

Modern Life

19th Century Depicted as the

The end of The Galleon Trade, The opening of The Suez Canal, The rise of The export of The crop economy, The established monopolies in The Philippines

At least four historical elements compose the economic context of the era in which Jose Rizal was born:

Rise of Chinese Mestizo

Chinese migrants intermarried with natives, producing Chinese mestizos who became an economically powerful class in 19th century Philippines.

Inquilinos

Tenant farmers who leased land from friar estates, contributing to the social transformation of the 19th century.

Friar lands

Large agricultural estates owned by religious orders; leased to inquilinos and Chinese mestizos.

Leyes de Indias

Laws of the Indies which mandated education for the natives.

Chinese Mestizos' role

They dominated land tenancy, became middlemen in trade, and influenced social mobility.

Political landscape of 19th century

Characterized by Spanish colonial rule, Bourbon reforms, and liberal ideas.

Liberalism

Ideology advocating freedom, equality, and civil rights; spread to the Philippines during the 19th century.

Bourbon Reforms

18th-century administrative reforms introduced by Spain to strengthen state control, increase revenue, and reduce power of local elites and the church.

Carlos III

Spanish king (1759–1788) who implemented Bourbon Reforms.

Impact of Bourbon Reforms

Led to tighter central administration, new monopolies, higher taxation, and resentment among Filipinos.

Cadiz Constitution of 1812

Liberal Spanish constitution; recognized national sovereignty, limited monarchy, and civil liberties.

Philippine Representation

The Philippines was represented in the Spanish Cortes by deputies, notably Ventura de los Reyes.

Ventura de los Reyes

Philippine representative who signed the Cadiz Constitution of 1812.

Napoleonic occupation

French invasion of Spain led to political liberalism and the Cadiz Constitution.

French Revolution

Inspired liberalism and nationalism, influencing reforms in Spain and colonies.

Industrial Revolution

Brought economic and social changes that shaped liberal thought.

Secularization Movement

Movement to transfer control of parishes from Spanish regular clergy to Filipino secular priests.

Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Small uprising of soldiers and workers in Cavite; Spanish authorities exaggerated it as a large conspiracy.

GOMBURZA

Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, executed after the Cavite Mutiny; became martyrs for nationalism.

Nationalism in Philippines

Awareness of national identity and demand for reforms grew, inspired by GOMBURZA and liberal ideas.

Rizal’s Context

Jose Rizal’s life unfolded amid Bourbon Reforms, secularization, liberalism, and rising nationalism.

1759-1788

Reign of Charles III, Bourbon Reforms introduced

1789-1799

French Revolution (inspired liberalism)

1808

Napoleonic occupation of Spain

March 19, 1812

Cadiz Constitution proclaimed

1812

Ventura de los Reyes represented the Philippines in the Cortes of Cadiz

Mid-1800's

Rise of Chinese Mestizos as middle class; Secularization Movement

1861-1896

Life span of Jose Rizal

January 20, 1872

Cavite Mutiny

February 17, 1872

Execution of GOMBURZA