World History 1 - Rome Unit

Republic

a form of government which allows people to vote on leaders

What is Rome's main river

Tiber River

Aqueducts - Importance

Allows access to CLEAN water all over the Roman Empire; can support a higher population

Who were the three groups who founded Rome?

Etruscans, Greeks, and Latins

Why does Rome become a Republic?

They didn't want to be ruled by a king again

Patricians

wealthy land owners

Plebeians

common folk; farmers & merchants (make up most of the population)

Tribunes

group of plebeian representatives

Legions

large military units

Senate

Most powerful office in Rome—members of the upper class

Consul

officials who commanded armies and directed the government

Two problems that occur during the expansion of the Roman Republic?

Punic Wars (Against Carthage) and Slave Revolts

Punic Wars - Importance

Rome gained dominance over the Mediterranean Sea—great for TRADE

Servile Revolts

series of unsuccessful slave revolts

The Third Servile Revolt - Importance

The only war that THREATENED THE REPUBLIC; resulted in the CRUCIFICTION of many many slaves

Spartacus

Led the third servile revolt (AKA The Gladiator War)

Dictator

A leader who has all the power in a government

Why does the Republic fall?

Civil War & Economy

Civil War

people fighting among themselves

Julius Caesar - ID

Member of the 1st Triumvirate, becomes popular due to his many victories, married Cleopatra, [reforms], appointed DICTATOR FOR LIFE in 44 BCE and ASSASSINATED by a group of senators soon after

Julius Caesar - Reforms

Expands the senate, creates jobs, starts colonies, increases soldier wages, NEW CALENDAR (+90 days & leap day)

Battle of Actium

The FINAL battle of the Roman Republic; Octavian vs. Mark Antony

Battle of Actium - Causes

Mark Antony left Octavian's sister for Cleopatra, Mark Antony was becoming too Egyptian, and Cleopatra claimed that her son was the heir to the Roman throne

Pax Romana - ID

"Roman Peace" — time period of 207 years, highest ever population of 60-80 million, extensive trading, RISE OF CHRISTIANITY, and Augustus sets up a stable government with civil service employees

What percent of Romans farmed?

90%

Colosseums - ID

Distracts the poor from revolting, everything is free, about 230 amphitheaters in the Empire, The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater built by the Romans (seats 50-60 thousand)

Trajan - ID

Most expanded territory peak; helped the poor by providing money, food, and SUBSIDIZED EDUCATION; built Trajan's Column, Trajan's Market, and The Baths of Trajan; Declared "Optimus Princeps" (the best ruler) by senate

Hadrian - ID

Traveled to every providence, well rounded, forbid torture, built HADRIAN'S WALL, started the BEARD trend, declared the "HAPPIEST ERA OF HUMAN HISTORY" by senate

Marcus Aurelius

the Philosopher King

Homeland of the Jews

Judea

Why does Jesus's popularity start to concern the Romans? The Jewish leaders?

Christianity is a monotheistic religion and popular = powerful; religious leaders will lose followers

Diaspora

Jewish people driven from their homeland

Why does the Roman Empire fall?

Inflation, food shortages, lack of loyalty

Diocletian - Reforms

Doubles the army size, changes tax system, fixed prices for goods, recruits Barbarians, and SPLITS THE EMPIRE IN TWO

Constantine - ID

REUNITED the TWO HALVES, the first Christian Emperor, EDICT OF MILAN (no persecution of Christians), MOVED CAPITAL TO CONSTANTINOPLE

Why did Emperors want to rule the Eastern side of the Empire?

More trading centers, more cities, more people, & more money

Why did the CITY of Rome start to decline?

war, disease, & emigration (down to 30,000 people)

Attila the Hun

He tells the Barbarians to choose to fight the Huns or the Romans; his army burns Roman cities to the ground and kills/rapes the citizens

What made the Roman Empire so powerful? (Essay - Four Examples)

Thesis: The Roman Empire was powerful because it had the strongest army at the time (Julius Caesar & the Rubicon), had access to the Mediterranean Sea (trade), used progressive architecture (aqueducts & amphitheaters), and had smart leaders (Augustus, Trajan, & Hadrian).