Chapter 2 - Life Science

I will say when it changes to 2B or 2C

2A, cell theory

The cell theory is the idea that all living things are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells preform the function of living things.

2A, tissue

A group of similar cells that work together.

2A, organ

Organs are groups of tissues that work together to form something like the heart or skin.

2B, organelle

A structure in a cell that preforms special functions.

2B, Cell membrane

the cell membrane surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and goes out.

2B, Cell wall

A cell wall is an additional rigid layer that protects the cell.

2B, capsule

A slimy layer that some bacteria have to protect them from harmful substances.

2B, cytoplasm

The inside of the cell and it includes all the organelles except for the nucleus. (exceptions for prokaryotic cells)

2B, Flagellum

A whip like attachment that some cells use to propel through their environment.

2B, DNA

Contains important information for making proteins and plays a role in regulation many cellular processes.

2B, chromosome

The word used to describe when DNA is organized into a group.

2B, endoplasmic reticulum/ER

a network of tubes that help produce and transport proteins and other molecules throughout the cell.

2B, Golgi apparatus

The organelle that modifies the proteins that the ER produce and puts them into vesicles, small bubble like structures that transport the proteins to their final destinations.

2B, ribosome

small structures that assemble proteins

2B, cytoskeleton

long, thin fibers anchored to various parts of the cell. helps the cell maintain or change shape

2B, lysosome

small organelles that act as the demolition crew of the cell.

2B, enzyme

proteins that speed up or slow down chemical reactions

2B, mitochondrion

makes most of the cells ATP which is used to power cellular processes

2B, selectively permeable

allows some substances to come in but keeps others out

2B, concentration gradient

when a certain type of molecule is more densely packed on one side on one side of the membrane then the other

2B, diffusion

the movement of molecules through the membrane to even out the density of molecules on each side

2B, osmosis

the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

2B, passive transport

the transport of molecules without the cell doing any work

2B, active transport

the transport of molecules through the membrane with the cell working to get them through

2C, Producer

living things that harness the suns energy to make food

2C, photosynthesis

uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

2C, clorophyll

a green pigment in plant cells that absorb the suns energy

2C, ATP

the energy currency used to power the active transport proteins and many of the other processes in the cell that need chemical energy

2C, cellular resperation

the process of breaking down molecules into ATP

2C, anaerobic

a process that doesn't use oxygen to happen

2C, stem cell

types of cells that can divide and mature into whatever cell the body needs.